Multifunctional Optical SHG and Piezoelectric TPU/PCBS Electrospun Nanofibers 


Vol. 26,  No. 11, pp. 4779-4794, Nov.  2025
10.1007/s12221-025-01140-7


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  Abstract

This study investigates the development and multifunctional properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofibers incorporated with poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt] (PCBS) through electrospinning. The morphological analysis shows that adding PCBS, up to 3 wt%, maintains a consistent fiber diameter between 100 and 200 nm with bead-free fibers, indicating a normal distribution and uniformity in the nanofiber structure. FTIR analysis reveals consistent band locations across varying PCBS concentrations, suggesting uniform component distribution within the composite. Mechanical testing demonstrates a significant dependence on PCBS content, with 3 wt% PCBS providing the optimal balance of strength (maximum stress of 7.7 ± 0.3 MPa) and flexibility (strain at breakage of 91 ± 1.8%). The piezoelectric characterization further shows the peak value of the coefficient at (~ 15.8 pC/N) at 1 wt% PCBS and voltage output under applied forces and frequencies. Optical characterizations confirm second harmonic generation at 390 nm in all TPU/PCBS nanofibers—in fact, the maximum emission intensity was found at 1wt% PCBS, further supporting the results from piezoelectric studies relevant to enhanced dipole alignment. High-frequency testing (10–100 Hz) underscores this synergy, with the 1 wt% composite doubling the voltage output of higher-loading samples and thus proving most effective for broadband energy harvesting. These findings demonstrate the potential of TPU/PCBS nanocomposites as a material for applications requiring tailored mechanical, piezoelectric, and optical properties for next-generation wearable sensors and flexible optoelectronic devices, enabling real-time biomechanical monitoring.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

N. Shehata, G. Magdy, S. Noman, I. Kandas, "Multifunctional Optical SHG and Piezoelectric TPU/PCBS Electrospun Nanofibers," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 4779-4794, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01140-7.

[ACM Style]

Nader Shehata, Germein Magdy, Sara Noman, and Ishac Kandas. 2025. Multifunctional Optical SHG and Piezoelectric TPU/PCBS Electrospun Nanofibers. Fibers and Polymers, 26, 11, (2025), 4779-4794. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01140-7.

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