Optimizing Natural Dye Extraction from the Bark of Bridelia micrantha for Dyeing Vegetable-Tanned Leather Using Statistical Modeling 


Vol. 26,  No. 11, pp. 4917-4931, Nov.  2025
10.1007/s12221-025-01126-5


PDF
  Abstract

This study focuses on extracting natural colorants from the bark of Bridelia micrantha (SBBM) using a solvent extraction method with a magnetic stirrer under different operating conditions. The dyeing potential of the colorants obtained was evaluated by coloring vegetable-tanned leather alone and in combination with mordants at different dyeing conditions using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken Design. The properties of extracted dyes were analyzed for absorbance, functional groups, particle size distribution, and zeta potential. The dyed leather samples were evaluated for color strength, coordination, fastness, antibacterial activity, and physical–chemical properties. The results indicate that RSM effectively identified optimal conditions for extraction and dyeing processes with the coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.9902 and 0.9909, respectively. Maximum absorbance of natural dye (3.88) was achieved at 89 °C, 67 min, and 0.1 g/mL SBBM-to-solvent ratio with a high combined desirability of 1.00. The absorbance analysis showed a peak for flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids. Further, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy characterized the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and phenolic acids. The optimum dyeing conditions were 40 °C, 4 h, and 25% colorant concentration, resulting in a maximum color strength of 4.45 with a desirability value of 1.00. Various shades and respectable color fastness of dyed samples were observed. Therefore, the eco-friendly natural dye extracted from the SBBM can be prominent for dyeing vegetable-tanned leather to sustain the leather value chain.

  Statistics
Cumulative Counts from November, 2022
Multiple requests among the same browser session are counted as one view. If you mouse over a chart, the values of data points will be shown.


  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

V. H. Kalangali, C. R. China, S. V. Kanth, K. N. Njau, "Optimizing Natural Dye Extraction from the Bark of Bridelia micrantha for Dyeing Vegetable-Tanned Leather Using Statistical Modeling," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 4917-4931, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01126-5.

[ACM Style]

Vaileth Hance Kalangali, Cecilia Rolence China, Swarna Vinodh Kanth, and Karoli Nicholas Njau. 2025. Optimizing Natural Dye Extraction from the Bark of Bridelia micrantha for Dyeing Vegetable-Tanned Leather Using Statistical Modeling. Fibers and Polymers, 26, 11, (2025), 4917-4931. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01126-5.

Search
(IN TITLE, AUTHOR, ABSTRACT,KEYWORDS)

Advanced Search ▼

POPULAR KEYWORDS
(TOP 10 KEYWORDS)

Recent Publications
(LAST 3 YEARS)

pISSN : 1229 - 9197
eISSN : 1875 - 0052

Impact Factor(2024): 2.3