Yun Kyong Lim  Joong Ki Kook  Sang Joun Yu  Won Pyo Lee  Kyung Hyun Lee  Hee Jung Kim  Seung Hoon Lee  Chan Kim

Vol. 56,  No. 3, pp. 125-134, Jun.  2019
10.12772/TSE.2019.56.125

Bone regeneration Electrospinning Nanofibers Polyacrylonitrile Polyvinylidene fluoride PTFE

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Recently, various nanofiber membranes for guided bone regeneration using electrospinning methods have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro osteogenesis efficiency of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes. Nano sized topography, mechanical properties, and biological evaluations were performed to compare the PVDF and PAN nanofiber membranes with the commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. The cytotoxicities of these membranes were evaluated using the MTT assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the calcium concentration were determined to evaluate the in vitro bone formation activities of the above-mentioned membranes. Expression levels of the osteoblast differentiation marker genes (RUNX2, OSX, OCN, and COL1A1 genes) were determined using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay. Approximately 300 nm three-dimensional porous structures, with pores connected/extending from the surface to the rear/bottom were observed in each PVDF and PAN nanofiber membrane using a scanning electron microscope. The strength and elongation of the porous structures were superior to those seen in the PTFE membrane. The cell viability, ALP activity, and calcium concentration were higher in these nanofiber membranes as compared to those in the PTFE membrane. RT-qPCR and ELISA assay analysis also showed that the nanofiber membranes had better osteogenesis efficiencies as compared to the PTFE membrane after 7 days. The results in this study demonstrate that the electrospun PVDF and PAN nanofiber membranes could potentially function as barrier membranes for bone tissue regeneration.