UV-curable Flame-Retardant Finish of Cotton Using Vinyl Bisphosphonic Acid (VBPA) Synthesized from 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic Acid (HEDP)
Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 94-100,
Apr. 2022
10.12772/TSE.2022.59.094
PDF
Abstract
Halogen or organophosphorus-based flame retardants have been used as conventional
flame retardants for textile fibers. While halogen-based flame retardants emit
toxic gases such as HBr and HCl, some commercial phosphorus-based flame retardants
may release large amounts of formaldehyde. In this study, as a new ecofriendly organophosphorus
flame retardant, vinyl bisphosphonic acid (VBPA) is synthesized from 1-
Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) with a yield of 90.8% by a high-temperature
dehydration reaction at 200 °C for 1.5 h, which was confirmed by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) as well as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman analyses. In addition,
the thermal behavior of the VBPA-treated cotton fabrics are investigated using limiting
oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microcombustion calorimetry(
MCC). Lowered thermal decomposition and combustion reactions may be resulted
from the dehydration and crosslinking activated by the phosphonic acids in the VBPAcured
cotton, indicating a condensed-phase flame-retarding mechanism. VBPA can be
used as a new formaldehyde-free flame retardant for cellulosic fabrics.
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