Fabrication and Filtration Performance Analysis of Hierarchical Nanofiber Mats Based on Heterogeneous Macromolecular Interaction
Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 46-52,
Feb. 2024
10.12772/TSE.2023.61.046
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Abstract
Nanofibers with ultrafine diameters (< 50 nm) have been reported to exhibit a significant surface area and a high filtration efficiency. Recently, the ionic surfactants have been used for fabricating nanofibers with ultrafine diameters. However, the use of ionic surfactants is not desirable because of the electrophoretic behavior and following instability of the ions with the high electric potential during the electrospinning process. In this study, hierarchical nanofiber assemblies including ultrafine nanofibers with diameters < 50 nm were designed by utilizing heterogenous molecular interactions of different types of polymers with high dipole moments (polyacrylonitrile (PAN), poly(vinylidene fluoride-cohexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP)), and their filtration performances were evaluated based on EN 143 standard. The fraction of nanofibers with ultrafine diameters was adjusted from 4% to 46%, and the b-phase fraction of PVdF increased from the initial 71.6% to a maximum of 85.37%. Among various PAN/PVdF samples, the PAN/PVdF 3:7 represented the highest efficiency of 87.6% even at low basis weight due to its ultrafine diameter, and all samples demonstrated efficiency exceeding 99.3% as basis weight increased. In conclusion, this study successfully achieved process stability and excellent filtration performance by establishing a method to manufacture hierarchical nanofiber assemblies without the use of ionic surfactants, relying solely on the interaction of heterogeneous polymers.
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