Evaluation of Deflection–Creep Properties of Sleeve-Retrofitted Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Cross-arms for Transmission Tower Applications 


Vol. 26,  No. 10, pp. 4397-4417, Oct.  2025
10.1007/s12221-025-01094-w


PDF
  Abstract

Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite is used for cross-arm constructions. This research focusses on creep response and deflection behavior using cantilever test conditions. The behavior of structurally strengthened cross-arms is evaluated under both short-term and creep scenarios to understand how structural installation affects their performance. By applying Findley’s power law, it is ascertained that this empirical method can replicate the cross-arm’s viscoelastic response. The outcomes demonstrate the effect of sleeve structures in decreasing the deflection and increasing the resistance to bending forces. Point Y3 exhibited the largest strain according to long-term creep testing, but the reinforced cross-arm showed better resistance. This observation proves that the point Y3 endures the highest stress during operation thereby becomes the point of initial of rupture. Experimental results show an enhancement by the addition of sleeve retrofit under instantaneous and long-term static loading conditions by about 28.50% and 23.50% respectively. Life span prediction showed that both the variants had a notable decline in average elastic modulus over 50-year period, with the upgraded version being about 50% stronger with the corresponding increase in reduction factor by a value of 0.21. As a result, this analysis confirms that the sleeve-retrofitted composite cross-arms possess superior creep capabilities and confine to feasible installations for such applications. The generalized equation for the prediction of the effective utilization of the cross-arm based on the Findley numerical model had been established.

  Statistics
Cumulative Counts from November, 2022
Multiple requests among the same browser session are counted as one view. If you mouse over a chart, the values of data points will be shown.


  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

V. N. Sukumaar, M. R. Ishak, M. N. Abdullah, M. Y. M. Zuhri, M. A. M. Rizal, "Evaluation of Deflection–Creep Properties of Sleeve-Retrofitted Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Cross-arms for Transmission Tower Applications," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 4397-4417, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01094-w.

[ACM Style]

Vijayvignesh Namasivayam Sukumaar, Mohamad Ridzwan Ishak, Mohd Na’Im Abdullah, Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Zuhri, and Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal. 2025. Evaluation of Deflection–Creep Properties of Sleeve-Retrofitted Pultruded Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Cross-arms for Transmission Tower Applications. Fibers and Polymers, 26, 10, (2025), 4397-4417. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01094-w.

Search
(IN TITLE, AUTHOR, ABSTRACT,KEYWORDS)

Advanced Search ▼

POPULAR KEYWORDS
(TOP 10 KEYWORDS)

Recent Publications
(LAST 3 YEARS)

pISSN : 1229 - 9197
eISSN : 1875 - 0052

Impact Factor(2022): 2.5