pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 27, No. 3, Mar. 2026)
Silane-Treated Glass Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites: A Review of Nanofillers and Fibre Configurations
Anahar Nurul Aina Muhammad Asyraf Muhammad Rizal Muhamad Fauzi Abd Rased Desmond Daniel Chin Vui Sheng Rohah A. Majid Haris Ahmad Israr Ahmad Mohd Radzi Ali Noryani Muhammad Mochamad Asrofi Mugahed Amran Qahtan Al-Shami
Thermoset composites, commonly used in aerospace applications, offer excellent mechanical strength but face challenges related to repairability, recyclability, and limited energy absorption. As industries increasingly shift towards sustainable and damage-resistant materials, glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastics incorporating nanofillers, such as graphene, have attracted growing attention for their ability to enhance mechanical performance and durability under demanding service conditions. The main objective of this review is to evaluate and optimise glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites modified with silane treatment and nanofillers through the implementation of a quasi-isotropic stacking sequence mechanism. This study reviews and analyses previous research that primarily involved the extrusion of thermoplastics with graphene nanofillers, followed by mechanical (tensile and impact) and thermal evaluations, as well as morphological assessments using scanning electron microscopy to examine the effects of fibre treatment, mesh configuration, and nanofiller dispersion. Findings from these studies reveal that the inclusion of graphene nanofillers in glass fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites can enhance tensile strength by approximately 16%, improve impact resistance by 37–78%, and increase thermal stability by 15–20%. Overall, this review concludes that the addition of graphene significantly improves mechanical strength, thermal stability, and energy absorption, addressing performance and sustainability concerns in high-demand sectors. The insights presented also highlight potential pathways for future work aimed at refining composite composition, improving durability, and broadening industrial applications.
Preparation and Performance Study of Regenerated Tussah Silk Protein/Sodium Alginate/Polyvinal Alcohol Composite Film Materials
Nan zhang Qi wei Wang Hui Ran Na You Yuan Wang Jun ling Ji
The inherent brittleness of regenerated tussah silk proteins and the difficulty in preparing a uniform sol pose significant challenges to subsequent material fabrication, resulting in poor mechanical properties. To address this issue, we employed a formic acid-CaCl2 system to dissolve degummed tussah silk for the preparation of regenerated tussah silk protein, followed by characterization of its chemical structure and thermal stability by FTIR, XRD, SDS-PAGE, DSC and TG analyses. Subsequently, the regenerated tussah silk proteins were blended with sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to cast films, which were then crosslinked with CaCl2 to fabricate composite film materials. The microscopic morphology, mechanical strength, water resistance, hydrophilicity, cytotoxicity (via MTT assay) of the prepared film materials were systematically characterized. Results showed that the molecular weight of the regenerated tussah silk proteins prepared using the formic acid-CaCl2 system ranged from approximately 70 to 180 kDa, with a secondary structure predominantly composed of β-sheet. The genipin-treated regenerated silk protein formed a uniform and stable sol, and its film-forming property was significantly enhanced when blended with SA and PVA. After further cross-linking with CaCl2, a series of biodegradable film materials exhibiting ideal toughness, strength, water resistance, hydrophilicity and non-cytotoxicity were successfully fabricated, demonstrating promising potential for applications in skin wound healing, drug sustained-release, and related biomedical fields.
Phytic Acid-Modified Lignin-Based Waterborne Polyurethane as a Bio-based Flame-Retardant for Polyvinyl Alcohol Films
Seon-Gyeong Kim Sungwook Won Sangwoo Park Seojin Kim Chaeeun Kim Dawoon Seo Dongho Shin Se Youn Cho In-Gyu Choi Hyo Won Kwak
Herein, a lignin-based waterborne polyurethane modified with phytic acid (PA) was developed as a bio-based flame-retardant termed LPUPA to improve the flame resistance and mechanical performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. Kraft lignin (KL) was initially functionalized with isophorone diisocyanate to form a lignin-based polyurethane (LWPU), followed by further phosphorylation using PA to obtain LPUPA. LPUPA exhibited excellent aqueous dispersibility and interfacial compatibility with PVA, enabling uniform film formation via a solvent casting method. Structural characterization via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the successful incorporation of urethane and phosphate groups. Compared with physically mixed KL, LPUPA showed improved dispersion, forming a more homogeneous film morphology and enhancing the tensile strength and toughness of PVA composites. Thermal analysis revealed that LPUPA lowered the onset decomposition temperature but significantly increased the maximum decomposition temperature and the amount of char residue under nitrogen and air. Combustion test results demonstrated that LPUPA effectively suppressed ignition and improved the limiting oxygen index of PVA films from 18.6% to 27.1%. The flame-retardant mechanism was attributed to condensed-phase char formation and gas-phase radical quenching as indicated by the Raman spectroscopy and XPS results of the char layer. The phosphorus-rich structure of LPUPA facilitated the formation of a stable, graphitized char layer through P–O–C and P–N–C linkages. These results demonstrated that LPUPA is a promising bio-based flame-retardant for sustainable polymer applications.
Development of Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Bio-Polyurethane Resins as Modifying Agent for Ramie Fibers, Threads, and Fabrics
Azizah Amelia Rita Kartika Sari Yanico Hadi Prayogo Apri Heri Iswanto Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
Indonesia’s reliance on synthetic fibers and the unmet domestic demand for cotton highlight the need for local alternative fibers to achieve self-sufficiency in textile raw materials. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) shows high potential but is limited by flammability. Tannin-based non-isocyanate bio-polyurethane (T-Bio-NIPU) can be used as a ramie-impregnating agent to enhance the thermal stability and mechanical properties of ramie. This research aims to analyze the synthesis of T-Bio-NIPU, determine its characteristics, and evaluate ramie fibers, threads, and fabrics impregnated with T-Bio-NIPU. T-Bio-NIPU was synthesised from concentrated tannin extract, dimethyl carbonate, and hexamethylenetetramine, and then applied to ramie by impregnation. Tannin extraction yielded 22.71%. FTIR confirmed the presence of urethane bonds in T-Bio-NIPU and impregnated samples. Formulation type (F1–F4) and sample type (fiber, thread, and fabric) significantly influenced tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and flammability. Ramie fibers impregnated with T-Bio-NIPU F3 exhibited the highest tensile strength and modulus, whereas the impregnated fabrics had the lowest burning rate. Fibers were more susceptible to hydrolysis than threads and fabrics. These findings highlight T-Bio-NIPU’s potential to develop high-performance, flame-retardant ramie textiles using local resources and promote innovative functional textile solutions.
Transmissive-to-Black Electrochromic Switching of Pendant Polyviologen with Liquid Crystalline Side Chains
Do Yeon Kim Wei Zhang Soo Yeon Eom Jong S. Park
We present the synthesis and characterization of a pendant polyviologen copolymer with liquid crystalline side chains, poly(APPV-RM105), exhibiting transmissive-to-black electrochromic switching. This copolymer integrates an asymmetric viologen derivative tailored for robust black electrochromic switching. Though the role of liquid crystalline side chains on electrochromic properties has not been explicitly evidenced, the electrochromic devices (ECDs) incorporating poly(APPV-RM105) reveal excellent performances, including fast switching (< 10 s), high ionic conductivity (5.82 mS/cm), outstanding optical contrast (91% change in transmittance), and extended cycling stability for more than 300 cycles. In addition, the black ECDs exhibit strong photothermal conversion and heat-shielding capabilities. The current polymer-based single-component device structure simplifies fabrication, underscoring the considerable potential for practical applications, such as smart windows, adaptive displays, and thermal management systems.
Synthesis of Peppermint Oil-Loaded Photosensitized β-Cyclodextrin Microcapsules and Their Application in Health-Protective Textile Coatings
Xiaoyu Meng Huiru Zhao Ajiao Zhao Xuan Shi Hua Qiu Kunlin Chen
Functional textiles featuring odor adsorption, controlled release, and antibacterial properties have attracted considerable interest for applications in personal care and environmental purification. To address the limited stability and durability of native β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in health-protective textile coatings, a chemically modified β-CD was synthesized using DPT as a functionalizing agent. The successful chemical modification of β-CD was validated through Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. These microcapsules were then applied to fabric coatings, endowing the textiles with multifunctional properties, including odor control and ultraviolet (UV) protection. The results demonstrated that increasing the modified β-CD content from 10 to 25% improved the adsorption rate of trans-2-nonenal from 23.97 to 64.48% at room temperature. Under UV irradiation, brominated diphenylthiophene acts as a photosensitizer that generates reactive radicals and enhances molecular activity, effectively degrading trans-2-nonenal via radical attack and photooxidation reactions. Additionally, the treated fabrics also exhibited significantly enhanced UV-shielding performance, achieving an UPF value of 73.5, which remained at 40.29 even after 30 abrasion cycles. These findings indicate the potential of modified β-CD microcapsules in creating durable, multifunctional textiles with superior sensory and protective capabilities.
Efficient Removal of Tetracycline from Aqueous Solutions by a Green Biomass Adsorption Material: Cotton Fabric-Supported Fe@ Tannin-Based Polyphenol Network
Jianing Mo Qianlan Huang Yu Peng Zhiyuan Peng
To address the challenges in antibiotic wastewater treatment, this study developed a green and efficient adsorbent based on biomass material. A polyphenol network was formed by the grafting polymerization of hydroxymethyl tannin on the surface of cotton fabric. The cotton fabric-supported Fe@tannin-based polyphenol network (CF@Fe–MPNs) was prepared by the complexation of the polyphenol network with iron ions, and the adsorption performance of CF@Fe–MPNs for tetracycline (TC) was investigated. The adsorption of CF@Fe–MPNs for TC primarily occurred through hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, and electrostatic interactions, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 146.52 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isothermal model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Moreover, CF@Fe–MPNs exhibited excellent reusability over multiple adsorption–desorption cycles, demonstrating their potential as an efficient and sustainable adsorbent for antibiotic removal.
Preparation of Keratin-Based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting Applications
Baixue Jia Yongle Jin Tongda Lei Yaqian Ma Hao Shen Mengli Jin Xipeng Li Anqi Lin Jie Fan
Keratin, a naturally derived biopolymer, exhibits excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, presenting potential application prospect in tissue engineering by 3D printing. This study developed a novel bioink by incorporating glycidyl methacrylate-modified keratin (Ker-GMA) with the methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and nanoclay, and a novel 3D printing keratin-based scaffold (Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffolds) was prepared using the bioink. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful synthesis Ker-GMA and HAMA and the degree of substitution of Ker-GMA and HAMA were quantified as 27.8 ± 1.2% and 43.4 ± 1.4% by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Rheological tests demonstrated that the keratin-based bioink with 10wt% nanoclay addition is suitable for printing application and present excellent optical crosslinking property. In vitro cell culture experiments confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of the Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffolds. The relative growth rate (RGR) of the L929 fibroblasts on the scaffold reached 96% at 1 day, and further increased to 127% by day 5, which was significantly higher than that in the control group. These results indicate that the Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffold is a promising candidate for tissue regeneration.
Controlled Preparation of Coconut Shell-Based Activated Carbon Fiber-Supported Mesoporous δ-MnO₂ and Formaldehyde Decomposition Performance
Xianhua Zhang Hongyang Sang Fan Liu Linlin Du Hui Zhang Jinsheng Qiao Wenbo Fan Mengyu Yuan
This study aims to develop the multifunctional air purification material integrating efficient formaldehyde catalytic degradation and PM2.5 interception capabilities by controllably synthesizing coconut shell-based activated carbon fiber loaded with mesoporous δ-MnO₂ (δ-MnO₂@ACF). Using ACF as the substrate, MnO₂ was loaded onto its surface via the hydrothermal method, with systematic investigation of the effects of hydrothermal temperature (90–180 °C), KMnO₄ concentration (0.005–0.05 mol/L) and reaction time (2–8 h) on the morphology and crystal phase of MnO₂. The highly active mesoporous δ-MnO₂@ACF composite was successfully prepared. Characterization techniques including SEM, XRD, and BET confirmed the mesoporous structure of δ-MnO₂ and its uniform loading on ACF. Formaldehyde (HCHO) removal tests demonstrated that δ-MnO₂@ACF achieved the removal efficiency of 92%, maintaining 76% efficiency after 6 cycles (150 min). Furthermore, the composite filter material fabricated based on this material exhibited not only outstanding formaldehyde degradation performance but also high PM2.5 interception efficiency (> 99%). This study provides a feasible strategy for developing multifunctional air purification materials combining catalytic oxidation and filtration properties, showing potential application value in indoor air pollution control.
Co-Form Meltblown Process: Part I—Effect of Process Parameters
Md Nur Uddin Benoit Maze Behnam Pourdeyhimi
This study investigates the influence of process parameters on particle incorporation in co-form meltblown nonwovens. We investigated loading efficiency as a function of particle size, insertion distance, and air pressure for aluminum oxide particles (300–600 μm) and polyether block amide (PEBA) elastomer polymer. The results demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between insertion distance and particle loading efficiency (p = 0.0001). Specifically, particle loading efficiency increased at greater distances from the die. Smaller particles exhibited higher capture efficiency compared to larger particles across all tested conditions. Air pressure also had a significant impact on particle loading within the tested range. Microscopic analysis revealed that particles are primarily mechanically entrapped within the fiber web. Surface treatments showed no significant improvements in fiber–particle interactions. Particle incorporation increased nonwoven thickness by 2.8–4.2 times and areal density by 2–6 times compared to controls. Fiber diameter of particle-loaded samples generally reduced with average diameters ranging from 5.9 μm (control) to 5.22–5.59 μm, where the 425 μm particles produce the finest fibers. Tensile strength decreased by ~ 15–16%, with smaller particles and, interestingly, resulted in a more isotropic behavior, while larger particles exhibited directional anisotropy. This investigation highlights the fundamental mechanisms governing particle incorporation in nonwovens and establishes clear relationships between processing conditions and loading outcomes.