pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 25, No. 8, Aug. 2024)
Preparation and Characterization of ABA-Type Poly(l-Lactide-co-ε-Caprolactone) Block Copolymers
Seung-Min Yoo Min Ho Jee Doo Hyun Baik
In this study, poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) block copolymers with an ABA structure were prepared using a two-step polymerization process, and their microstructures, thermal, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated based on the introduction of ε-caprolactone as a comonomer in the first step to form the B block. As a result, it was observed that as the content of the B block, or the ε-caprolactone comonomer increased, the average sequence length of L-lactide decreased, indicating that a potential impact on the crystallization behavior and thermal properties of the final PLCL block copolymers. However, the decrease in thermal properties, such as the melting temperature, was less significant than expected. For instance, the melting temperature of pure PLA in this study was 172.5 °C, whereas the PLCL block copolymer with 9 mol% ε-caprolactone comonomer had a melting temperature of 171.1 °C, showing a relatively minimal difference between the two samples. Additionally, as the ε-caprolactone content increased, tensile strength and initial modulus of the PLCL block copolymer slightly decreased, while the breaking strain significantly increased. This suggests that the two-step polymerization method proposed in this study is effective in imparting flexibility to PLA while minimizing its mechanical property degradation. Consequently, the introduction of comonomer such as the ε-caprolactone through controlled polymerization process offers valuable insights for developing PLA materials with diverse properties.
Janus Fabric Sweat Glucose Sensors for Unidirectional Liquid Collection and In Situ Electrochemical Detection
Zhenting Wu Ruifang Liu Chaoyi Yin Long Ba
Wearable sweat sensors can noninvasively, in real time, and continuously monitor various physiological markers in sweat at the molecular level, which has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of health management, healthcare, and clinical diagnosis. However, effective sweat sampling remains a great challenge. Here, we prepared Janus fabric sweat glucose sensors, which were made by electrospinning hydrophobic polyurethane (PU) on a super hydrophilic gauze that can unidirectionally transport sweat from the skin (hydrophobic side) to the electrode (hydrophilic side). The screen-printed electrode modified by glucose oxidase has a good linear response to glucose. On-body experiments show that the sensor can detect glucose levels in sweat in real-time. The Janus fabric glucose sensor with its in situ monitoring capability and unidirectional liquid transport, and requires very low production costs, is expected to facilitate the development of smart textile sensors, opening new possibilities for exploring precise and controllable platforms for body fluid collection and sensing.
Ionic Surfactant-Assisted PVDF Nanofabrics with High Dielectric and Excellent Piezoelectric Performance
Mohammed Khalifa Herfried Lammer S. Anandhan
Flexible dielectrics and piezoelectric sensors have attracted a number of applications in advanced electronic systems. In this regard, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is considered as a promising option due to its flexibility and ferroelectric properties. In this study, a highly flexible non-woven fabric was developed from electrospun PVDF nanofibers containing cationic and anionic surfactants. Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a cationic surfactant, while sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was used as an anionic surfactant. The presence of cationic and anionic surfactants played a pivotal role in the production of finer fibers. PVDF-SLS nano-fabric exhibited oriented fibers, while PVDF-CTAB nano-fabric displayed randomly arranged fibers. PVDF-SLS-based nano-fabric displayed the highest β-phase content of 98.2%, while PVDF-CTAB non-woven showed a β-phase content of 91.6%. A significant improvement in the dielectric properties of PVDF nano-fabric was observed upon the addition of cationic and anionic surfactants. Furthermore, PVDF-SLS nano-fabric demonstrated exceptional dielectric and piezoelectric properties, generating a piezoelectric voltage of ~ 19 V. In comparison, PVDF-CTAB nano-fabric exhibited a piezoelectric voltage of 12.5 V. The power density of PVDF improved significantly upon the addition of SLS surfactant. Such attributes position PVDF-SLS nanofabrics as valuable candidates for diverse applications, particularly in the field of piezoelectric sensors and energy storage devices. The research not only advances the understanding of optimizing PVDF nanofabrics, but also establishes a foundation for future exploration in the realm of flexible electronics.
Fabrication, Characterization and In Vitro Drug Release Behavior of Electrospun Eudragit/Eugenol Nanofibrous Scaffold
Shreevani Kakunje Narayana Badiadka Sarojini Balladka Kunhanna Sajida Mahammad Suchitra Rekha Punchappady Devasya Dayananda Bikrodi Sesappa Shamprasad Varija Raghu
The current work focuses on preparing the eudragit-based nanofiber loaded with eugenol, a potential anti-inflammatory drug. The avenue of the study is to unravel the applicability of drug-loaded polymer nanofiber for periodontal intra-pocket drug delivery. Incorporation of about 1-3% of eugenol in to the eudragit matrix certainly enhanced its properties. As revealed by FE-SEM, nanofibrous mat had well-branched and porous structure with a diameter range of 261 nm-412 nm. The presence of functional groups and interaction of the drug with the polymer through hydrogen bonding was confirmed by the shift of the absorption band to lower wavenumbers in the FTIR spectrum. Contact angle measurement and swelling behavior assessment showed that mat with 3% drug had better surface wettability (359.17 ± 9.21) and lower hydrophobicity (119.80º) in comparison with eudragit matrix. Non-toxic behavior of the developed nanofiber is established by both in vitro cell viability (greater than 80%) and in vivo Drosophila melanogaster model (greater than 78% survival rate). Polymer/drug composite also revealed satisfactory anti-inflammatory activity of about 97% at 12.5 µg/ml concentrations. Further, the cumulative drug release of eugenol from nanofiber mat was found to be 83.60 ± 2.01% for 3% eugenol-loaded sample in the in vitro model with R2 (0.9681) fitting to Korsmeyer-Peppas model indicating diffusion mechanism for prolonged release in dose-dependent manner (n=0.25, k=10. 81 min-1). These findings indicated that the fabricated eudragit/eugenol composite mat is a promising system for intra-pocket drug delivery in periodontitis therapy.
Freeze-Dried Soluble Polypyrrole-Loaded Electrospun Fibers for Use as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents
Ana Nery Barbosa Matos Fernando Antônio Gomes da Silva Jr. Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa Helinando Pequeno de Oliveira
The intrinsic antibacterial activity of polypyrrole has been combined with different strategies to control its solubility in water for the following release in antibacterial compounds. Herein, a new method for loading antibacterial polypyrrole into electrospun fibers is proposed, in which freeze-drying of soluble polypyrrole produces a conductive powder loaded into electrospun fibers of Eudragit L100 applied as an antibacterial agent. The dispersion of loaded fibers in aqueous solution results in the release of the polypyrrole that controls the bacterial growth in the bulk solution with the following deposition of bacteria on the fiber surface. The kinetics of bacterial kill time returned 15 min for the complete elimination of S. aureus and 45 min for E. coli. The antibiofilm activity against S. aureus was confirmed with a 4-order reduction in viable cells for treated reactors.
Chemical Modification of Cellulose and Polyester/Cellulose Blended Fabric to Make It Disperse Dyeable: A Sustainable Approach to Achieve Dyeing of P/C Blend with Disperse Dyes
Saadia Riaz Abdul Jabbar Hina Siddiqui Ambreen Sarwar Idrees Bashir M. Iqbal Choudhary
An attempt was made to modify the cotton and polyester/cotton (P/C) fabric with a bi-functional cross-linking compound, hexamethylene diisocyanate, to covalently link the cellulosic part of the fabric with the selected disperse dyes. The chemical composition, morphology, and strength of the modified fabric were examined by ATR–FTIR, SEM–EDX, tensile strength testing, water absorbency test, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results verified the binding of the cross-linker with the cellulose fabric under neutral conditions. The cross-linked fibers were dyed with commercially available disperse dyes bearing amino and/or hydroxyl groups by using the pad–dry–cure dyeing method. The K/S values were measured to analyze the depth of shade on the modified fibers in comparison with the respective untreated dyed samples. The fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were studied by employing ISO standard protocols. It was observed that the modified fabrics have a good overall fastness.
Biodegradable Biconstituent Melt-Blown Nonwovens for Air Filtration: Fabrication and Characterization
Andinet Kumella Eticha Yasin Akgul Ayben Pakolpakcil Oguz Kagan Unlu Salih Birhanu Ahmed Harun Cug Ali Kilic
Melt-blown polypropylene (PP) is extensively used in air filtration due to its low cost, low weight, and easy processing, but there are increasing environmental concerns due to its non-degradability. On the other side biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA) present insufficient strength and limited toughness. Polymer blending is a well-known approach to reach optimum properties from at least two polymers. This study aims to produce biodegradable PP-PLA-based filter materials that possess enhanced elasticity and superior filtration performance. The addition of PLA raises the average fiber diameter (AFD), causing the PP-PLA filters to have AFD ranging from 0.73 to 0.91 μm. However, the incorporation of zinc stearate (ZnSt) decreased the melt viscosity, resulting in thinner fiber formations with AFD ranging from 0.6 to 0.75 μm for PP-PLA-ZnSt. The efficiency of the corona-charged optimized sample (double-layer 75PP-25PLA-ZnSt) showed 97.42% particle capture efficiency and filtration performance of 0.12 mmH2O-1. Despite the presence of hydrophobic surfaces in all filter materials, the addition of ZnSt further improves the resistance to surface wettability. 75PP-25PLA-ZnSt filter material exhibits high stretchability, with a maximum tensile strength of 380 ± 70 kPa. The proposed tricomponent (PP-PLA-ZnSt) approach would be used to reduce the environmental impact of non-degrading polymers.
Development and Characterization of Microfilter Based on Cellulosic Cotton Fabrics Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles for Congo Red Dye Degradation and Disinfecting Pathogenic Bacteria from Contaminated Water
Mohamed Gouda Mai. M. Khalaf Manal F. Abou Taleb Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
To tackle the intense concern about low-priced drinking water point-of-use techniques, cotton fabric (CF) microfilters (MF) loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were utilized to degrade the carcinogenic Congo red (CR) dye as well as deactivate pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, AgNPs were precisely synthesized using Gum Arabic as reducing and stabilizing agent, leading to spherical nanoparticles with a small size (24 nm) with monodispersity (PdI = 0.468), as proved by TEM and DLS analysis. The bleached cotton fabric was immersed in AgNPs solution and then dried and cured at 130 °C to make functionalized cotton fabrics suitable for filtration and dye degradation. Morphology, microstructure, and chemical composition were assessed using SEM and EDX analysis, suggesting the incorporation and deposition of AgNPs as fine particles to the surface of the cotton fabric. The AgNPs@CF-MF were tested in laboratories to determine their capability to perform CR removal and neutralize bacteria. The research showed that the same dose of CR dye obtained higher photocatalytic breakage percentages under the light source and the photocatalyst. The findings of our study indicate that the photocatalytic degradation of CR dye exhibited the optimal efficiency when the concentration was maintained at 10 ppm. The degradation efficiency reached to 100% after an exposure time of 180 min under visible light. The results of our study showed that AgNPs@CF-MF exhibited enhanced bactericidal activity in comparison to untreated CF-MF. The clear zone widths highlighted the efficacy of AgNPs in suppressing bacterial proliferation. Clear zone diameters against, E. coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus feacalis were 12 ± 0.59, 11 ± 0.68, 10 ± 0.43, and 8 ± 0.71 mm, respectively. This raises the prospects for using the AgNPs@CF-MF as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of water, air filtration, and other situations where infection control is critical. AgNPs@CF-MF offers an innovative microfilter through the degradation of CR dye and water disinfection due to their photocatalytic activities and antibacterial properties, and ability to remove contaminants from polluted water during filtration.
Roles of Electrostatic Interactions in the Peroxide System for Bleaching of Cotton Fabric
Xiaoyan Wang Jiangpeng Fu Fuyang Gu Jinmei Du Guowei Xiao Yang Jiang Dongyan Shao Changhai Xu
The industrial bleaching of cotton fabric is often carried out in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with the addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at a boiling temperature. To overcome the higher energy consumption problem of the traditional bleaching system, activated peroxide systems are proposed by adding bleach activators to the bleaching system. The bleach activators react with H2O2 to generate more kinetically active bleaching components, which enable the cotton fabric to be bleached at lower temperatures. However, different bleaching components have different electronic properties. In this study, the electrostatic interactions between cotton fabrics and bleaching components were investigated, as well as the charge-regulation behavior of electrolytes and surfactants in the bleaching system. The research results showed that electrostatic interactions played an important role in bleaching by affecting the adsorption of bleach activators onto cotton fabric. Electrolytes and surfactants in the bleaching system could work as charge-regulation agent by effecting the adsorption of bleach activators onto cotton fabric by increasing or reducing the adsorption of bleach activators onto cotton fabric. This work proved the existence of electrostatic interactions between bleaching components and cotton fabric and also presented the charge-regulation behaviors during bleaching. It provides further understanding that the performance of the peroxide systems for bleaching depends not only on the chemical activities of the bleaching components but also on the electrostatic interactions between the bleaching components and cotton fabric.
Sustainable, Durable, Multifunctional Finishing of Biobased Textile Fabric Using Recycled Sericin as a Finishing Agent
Muhammad Asad Saleem Mingbo Ma Junsong Tang Guohong Gao
Although multifunctional textiles are the need of the hour, achieving this multifunctionality by using renewable, sustainable resources while keeping production costs at the lowest is vital for the survival of mankind. This study reports a sustainable, superhydrophilic, antioxidant, antibacterial textile fabric which was achieved by using silk sericin as a finish and polylactic acid, a biobased fiber, as a substrate. Initially, silk sericin was treated with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride to enhance its antibacterial activity. The fabric surface was treated with alkali to impart reactivity and make finishing durable. FTIR, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy of sericin after modification revealed that sericin has covalently bonded to 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride and conductive titration revealed that the degree of substitution is 0.09 per bulk sericin unit. The polylactic acid fabric after treatment with modified sericin exhibited 100% antibacterial activity and 0° water contact angle, while the fabric's mechanical strength loss was acceptable (< 10%). The treated fabric sustained its superhydrophilicity and 100% antibacterial activity even after five accelerated Launder–Ometer washing cycles. Hence, the reported strategy provides a sustainable, durable, economical, and scalable way to achieve superhydrophilic, antioxidant, and antibacterial textile fabric.