pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 26, No. 3, Mar. 2025)
Advancements in Carbon-Based Materials for Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Capture and Conversion: A Comprehensive Review
Nazrul Hsan Santosh Kumar Yonggyun Cho Yijin Choi Hyunwoo Byun Rafat Saba Joonseok Koh
The rising levels of atmospheric CO2 owing to human activities have intensified the need for efficient CO2 capture and conversion technologies. Carbon-based materials with tunable properties and versatility have emerged as promising candidates for addressing this global challenge. This comprehensive review focuses on the recent advancements in carbon-based materials, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, and biochar, for enhanced CO2 capture and conversion applications. We explored the structural and chemical modifications of these materials to improve their adsorption capacity, selectivity, and stability under operational conditions. This review describes the technologies, methods, and mechanisms used for CO2 capture and fixation. In addition, we review the synthesis methods for various amines and carbonaceous materials (CMs) to highlight the recent progress in CMs used for CO2 adsorption and fixation. We also discuss the amine functionalization of CMs to improve their CO2 capture and fixation capacities. This review also highlights the challenges related to scalability, economic feasibility, and environmental impacts while identifying future research directions aimed at optimizing the performance and sustainability of carbon-based materials in real-world applications. Through this detailed analysis, we provide critical insight into how carbon-based materials can contribute to climate change mitigation by integrating CO2 capture and conversion strategies.
Strength and Progressive Failure Predictions of T-Joint Laminated Composites Using 3D Continuum Damage Modeling
Yu-Jui Liang Jui-Pu Hsia Yu-Lun Chen
The complex stresses in T-joint structures and the limitation of conventional FEA in accurately predicting the strength and progressive failure mechanisms have led to increased interest. In this work, the progressive failure analysis of T-joint laminated composites is investigated for strength prediction using the 3D continuum damage modeling implemented in Abaqus UMAT. The 3D Hashin failure criterion is employed to predict the damage initiation of the ply. The 3D continuum damage model is used for intralaminar damage while the cohesive zone model is used for interlaminar damage. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data obtained from the existing literature. In addition, the comparisons between the numerical and experimental results considering the intra- and inter-ply damages and the one solely considering the inter-ply damage are investigated. Overall, the numerical results effectively capture the key characteristics of the damage sequence observed in the experiments, and the strength prediction aligns well with the experimental values.
Possibility of Using Bio-based Polymer Blends for Producing Children's Toys: Effects of Polylactic Acid (PLA) Grades and Contents
Chainarong Srivabut Chatree Homkhiew Theerawat Petdee Surasit Rawangwong
Children’s toys comprise another product category that needs to be developed from 100% natural materials that are clean, safe, and biodegradable. This work aimed to investigate the effect of polylactic acid (PLA) grades and contents on the properties of polymer blends, with the goal being the development of bio-materials for producing children’s toys. It was found that, at the first peak, the polymer blending with 70 wt% PLA had higher thermal stability than that with 40 wt% PLA. The polymer blending with 70 wt% PLA showed higher modulus of rupture, tensile strength, compressive strength, and hardness between 59–62%, 257–433%, 200–540%, and 373–647%, respectively, compared to 40 wt% PLA. The polymer blends produced from PLA grade 4043D gave superior flexure, tension, compression, and hardness properties than 2003D and 3251D grades. The appropriate formulation of polymer blends for producing children's toys is a combination of natural rubber 30 wt% and PLA 70 wt% with a PLA grade of 4043D. The flexural, tensile, and compressive forces of toy boat samples made from polymer blends were 71.76, 79.72, and 113.6 N, respectively, while the specified standard is 69.0, 69.0, and 113.5 N, respectively, meaning the samples met the requirements of the American Society for Testing and Materials F963.
Development of Biocompatible Scaffolds of Collagen Fibers from Tilapia Scales (Oreochromis niloticus) Modified with PVA
Angie Tatiana Toro Martinez Augusto Zuluaga-Vélez Juan Carlos Sepúlveda-Arias Juan Felipe Santa Robison Buitrago-Sierra
Collagen is a biomaterial whose properties are influenced by its origin. The objective of this study is to extract, purify, and characterize collagen from fish residues (tilapia scales) and fabricate and characterize collagen-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibrous membranes using the electrospinning technique. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate–Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were used to characterize the collagen and the membranes. The results showed that tilapia scales are an important source of natural collagen and recorded a final yield of 2.5% wt. In addition, the membranes showed excellent properties that make them suitable for use as scaffolds for various applications using a 50:50 wt. solution of collagen and PVA. The biological evaluation of electrospun scaffolds was done by a culture of Human Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFF-1) cells as an in vitro model, and alamarBlue™ assays were conducted to determine the growth and cytotoxicity. The results indicate that this biomaterial has promoted cell proliferation, and the scaffolds exhibited a favorable behavior for cell growth over time in laboratory tests. Therefore, collagen extracted from tilapia scales can be potentially applied in several applications related to tissue engineering, such as graft substitutes, cartilage repair, among others.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitin/Curcumin-Based Aqueous Polyurethanes for Textile Finishes
Fizza Nadeem Shazia Tabasum Khalid Mahmood Zia Aqdas Noreen
In this work, a novel series of chitin/curcumin-based aqueous polyurethanes (APUs) were synthesized by varying molecular weight of polycaprolactone (CAPA), following step growth polymerization. In first step, pre-polymer was synthesized by utilizing CAPA, dimethylol propionic acid, and toluene diisocyanate. In second step, the chain was extended using eco-friendly chitin/curcumin. Then neutralization was carried-out and in final step, distilled water was added to make APU dispersion. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy was utilized for APU structural confirmation and dynamic light scattering was utilized to determine APU particle size. Textile performances of APUs were assessed by applying on printed and dyed textiles. Surface morphology of coated and uncoated textiles was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Colorfastness properties of coated textiles revealed an incredible enhancement in rating such as fastness to light (from 3 to 4/5 for dyed, 3/4 to 5 for printed). Tensile and tear strength were also improved. Results revealed that APU synthesized from higher molecular weight CAPA has depicted excellent pilling, colorfastness and antimicrobial performance of textiles. This research presents an economical and greener finishing of textiles.
Stretchable Dual-Modal Luminous Fiber Based on Polydimethylsiloxane and Rare-Earth Luminescent Materials
Xiuyu Shen Taorong Fang Bin Guo Chen Shi Huabing Wang Bin Yang Yang Jin
The increasing demand for luminescent fibers capable of responding to diverse environmental conditions by modulating their emission is evident, particularly for applications in smart textiles and wearable sensors. Nevertheless, the majority of luminescent fibers are constrained to reacting to a singular stimulus, resulting in static emission. Consequently, an urgent requirement arises for fiber-based wearable sensors endowed with the capability to undergo luminescent color transformations, particularly in applications requiring on-demand color changes. In the present investigation, we proficiently synthesized two variants of rare-earth-doped phosphors: Y2O2S: Eu3+, Mg2+, Ti4+ (YOS) exhibiting prolonged persistent luminescence and BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+ (BMA) manifesting phosphorescence. Through straightforward blending of YOS and BMA in predefined proportions, a modifiable emission color system can be achieved. By integrating YOS and BMA, each exhibiting distinct afterglow characteristics such as enduring red luminescence and blue phosphorescence, into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, we crafted innovative stretchable UV-sensing composite fibers capable of modifying their luminescent color through the wet-spinning process. The as-prepared fibers demonstrate the capability to transition between two discernible luminescent colors in reaction to UV irradiation. Moreover, the as-prepared fiber exhibits exceptional tensile properties, rendering them suitable for deployment in aesthetic displays, anti-counterfeiting measures, and smart wearable textiles.
Carbon Nanotube-Based Capacitive and Resistive Hybrid Pressure Textile Sensor for High Sensitivity
Jieun Lee SangUn Kim Jooyong Kim
As wearable sensors become more widely used, various studies are being conducted to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of sensors according to their application areas. However, current technology faces challenges in simultaneously enhancing comfort and high sensitivity. This study developed a hybrid pressure sensor that integrates capacitive-type and resistive-type sensors using 3D spacer polyester (PE)-based textiles coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs, as conductive particles, enhance sensitivity when integrated with the flexible textile. The hybrid sensors were fabricated with CNT concentrations of 0.02wt% and 0.04wt%, aiming to maintain high sensitivity across a wide pressure range. At the same strain, the 0.02wt% sample can measure up to 8.2 kPa, while the 0.04wt% sample can measure up to 10.5 Pa. The 0.02wt% hybrid sensor maintains an initial resistive sensitivity of 0.14 kPa−1 , reaching a maximum sensitivity of 0.42 kPa−1 as pressure ncreases, and that of the 0.04wt% sensor increases from 0.21 kPa−1 to a maximum of 0.86 kPa−1 . The hybrid sensor, integrated with capacitive and resistive sensing mechanisms in a single structure, has enhanced sensitivity and pressure measurement accuracy over a wide pressure range. This makes it suitable for various applications and addresses the limitations of existing sensors.
Effect of Processing Conditions on the Structure and Properties of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate) Fibers and Nonwovens Produced in the Spunbonding Process
Aming Wang Zeping Duan Shihua Qin Xiao Shen Qingsheng Liu Dawei Li Bingyao Deng
Melt-spun poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) fibers are generally prepared by mechanical drawing. Herein, PTT fibers and nonwovens were prepared using spunbonding technology by air drawing. The surfaces of PTT fibers are smooth and their evenness is very uniform. When drawing air velocity increases from 0 to 16.5 m/s at mass throughput of 36.0 mL/min, crystallinity and tensile strength of fibers increase from 11.5 to 21.2% and from 53.9 ± 5.3 to 177.3 ± 18.7 MPa, respectively, while elongation at break of samples decreases from 675.2 ± 52.0 to 374.8 ± 37.2%. Comprehensive analysis indicates that PTT spunbond nonwoven achieves the best combination of different properties when drawing air velocity and bonding temperature are 14.0 m/s and 60 °C, respectively. Under this condition, pore size, tensile strength along machine direction, tensile strength cross machine direction, bursting strength, filtration efficiency for PM2.0, pressure drop, and porosity of nonwovens are 8.3 ± 1.9 μm, 5.88 ± 0.54 MPa, 6.49 ± 0.59 MPa, 0.110 ± 0.006 MPa, 92.2 ± 1.6%, 119 ± 14 Pa, and 68.2%, respectively. The prepared PTT spunbond nonwovens are potentially competitive in the fields of packaging and air filtration due to their pleasing comprehensive properties.
Electrospun PVC/Graphene Composite Nanosponges for Oil Spill Cleanup
Magdi El-Messiry Affaf Al-Oufy Nermin Fadel
Oil spills in aquatic environments are catastrophic events that pose a significant global environmental challenge. This study addresses these issues by developing innovative poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) nanofiber mats enhanced with nanographene particles, leveraging their exceptional surface area and unique graphene properties. Recent advances in graphene technology have highlighted its versatility in various fields; however, this work uniquely applies these advancements to oil spill remediation. Embedding nanographene particles into PVC nanofibers using electrospinning resulted in a significant enhancement in mechanical properties and functionality. The nanographene particles were synthesized and incorporated into an aqueous PVC solution at varying concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% by weight). The electrospinning technology produced PVC nanofibers with graphene, resulting in nano-rough surfaces, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The nanofiber mats exhibited a remarkable 210% increase in tensile strength at a graphene concentration of 1.5% compared to pure PVC mats, demonstrating the enhanced mechanical performance of the material. Moreover, these nanocomposites exhibited improved oil-spreading kinetics, positioning them highly effective for oil sorption applications. This study presents a novel integration of graphene and PVC nanofibers to create multifunctional materials tailored for environmental remediation. This highlights the potential of nanographene to significantly enhance the mechanical and functional properties of PVC nanofibers, thereby providing a foundation for future advancements in hybrid nanocomposite materials for sustainable and practical applications.
Fabrication, Characterization, and Biocompatibility Assessment of Polycaprolactone/Polyacrylonitrile/Casein Nanofibers Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications
Elham Hoviezi Soraya Mojezi-badil Zeinab Ansari-Asl
Bone defects challenge human health, highlighting the need for new therapies. This research aims to develop and characterize a PCL/PAN/casein (PCL/PAN/CA) scaffold and to assess the attachment, growth, and differentiation of endometrial stem cells (EnMSCs) into osteoblasts for potential use in bone tissue engineering (BTE). In this study, 0.5 g of PCL and PAN were individually dissolved in 5 mL of DMF and electrospun to prepare PAN and PCL scaffolds. The nanofiber surfaces were then coated with casein. The scaffolds’ chemical characteristics were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. Additionally, the biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the scaffolds on EnMSCs were evaluated through the MTT test, acridine orange staining, and DiI labeling. The differentiation of osteoblasts on the synthesized scaffolds and the role of casein in cell growth and differentiation were examined. Additionally, Masson’s trichrome staining was utilized to assess the healing process of bone lesions in rat models after scaffold grafting. The results indicated that the fabricated scaffolds exhibited a nanofibrous structure, with diameters of 370 nm for PCL, 250 nm for PAN, and 290 nm for PAN/PCL. The PAN/PCL/CA scaffold showed the most significant osteoblast proliferation and differentiation levels. In animal studies, grafting the PCL/PAN/CA scaffold led to a 31% improvement in recovery compared to the control group and the PCL/PAN scaffold on its own. The PAN/PCL/CA scaffold demonstrated a remarkable capacity to facilitate the proliferation, growth, and differentiation of EnMSCs, underscoring its promising suitability for applications in BTE.