pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fiber and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 25, No. 4, Apr. 2024)
Preparation of the Composite Yarn PEDOT:PSS/rGO/PAN/DL and Its Application in Sodium-Ion Detection
Zhilei Li Jianping Zhou Yan Xu Yukui Shang Changhua Chen Tongtong Ran
Effective farmland management requires real-time monitoring of plant growth status and timely response to stressors. To achieve this goal, we utilized wire organic electrochemical transistors (WECTs) to convert ion signals in plant vasculature into electrical signals in circuits, enabling the detection of ion concentrations. In our study, we employed a flexible substrate composed of a core-sheath structure nanofiber yarn impregnated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) as a semiconductor channel. The gate was made of silver wire, while silver paste was sprayed at both ends of the core-sheath yarn to serve as a source and drain. This configuration allowed us to construct a wire organic electrochemical transistor that exhibited modulation performance and sensitivity at low voltages, with a transconductance of 1.07 × 10-4 S. We conducted sodium ion concentration testing and successfully achieved the sensing of sodium ions at concentrations ranging from 10-4 to 10-1 M. This study lays the groundwork for the future development of organic electrochemical transistors in plants, enabling in situ detection of sodium ion concentrations under salt stress.
An Evaluation of the Beneficial Effects of Polyamide 6's Thermal Stabilization by Ferric Chloride Complexation as a Novel Carbon Fiber Precursor
Tuba Demirel Kemal Şahin Tunçel Ismail Karacan
This study investigated the impact of stabilization time on pretreated polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers using various analytical techniques, including thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, and density measurements. The two-step atmospheric air-based stabilization process for pretreated PA6 multifilament bundles involved initial thermal stabilization at 170 °C in an air atmosphere after ferric chloride impregnation, followed by a second step of thermal stabilization at 245 °C. Ferric chloride impregnation followed by thermal stabilization in an air atmosphere resulted in crucial structural transformations. The density values of the samples increased following thermal stabilization, accompanied by a decrease in tensile values. Ferric chloride pretreated and thermally stabilized PA6 fibers were found to be fully stabilized after 120 min of stabilization before the carbonization stage. The findings obtained from the DSC, XRD, and IR spectroscopy methods indicated the occurrence of disordering phases due to the scission of hydrogen bonds. The TGA findings showed significant increases in carbon yield percentages at 500 °C and 850 °C, reaching 71.4% and 63.5%, respectively, for the sample heat treated at 245 °C for 120 min. The addition of ferric chloride is expected to potentially reduce processing costs for final carbon fiber production by decreasing the time required for the thermal stabilization of PA6.
Valorization of Natural Dye Extracted from Date Palm Pits (Phoenix dactylifera) for Ecofriendly Dyeing of Bicomponent Polyester Filaments
Marwa Souissi Ali Moussa Hatem Dhaouadi
Bicomponent (PET/PTT) filaments have excellent elastic recovery, elasticity, thermal comfort, etc., which make them appropriate for use in sports clothing. As they are dyed with chemical dyestuffs, it could cause a great harm to human health. In this context, this paper investigates the possibility of dyeing PET/PTT with a natural colorant obtained from date palm pits (DPP). This natural dye showed, in our previous studies, very good results for dyeing cotton. The extracted solution was characterized and its chemical constitution, antioxidant activity, and GC/MS study were investigated and discussed. Knitted fabrics consisting of 100% bicomponent (PET/PTT) filaments were used for dyeing with the aqueous extract. The influence of the dyeing parameters on the value of the color yield (∑(k/s) and the colorimetric (L*, a*, b*, C*, h) coordinates was evaluated and analyzed. The studied parameters were the dyebath pH, temperature, and the duration of dyeing. The color fastnesses of dyed fabrics were also analyzed and improved using bio-based adjuvants. The obtained results indicated that the optimum dyeing conditions (pH = 5, temperature = 100 °C, duration = 60 min) led to the best value of color yield. Moreover, excellent wash and sweat fastness values (in the range of 4–5) were found. The GC/MS study of acetonic extract powder of date palm pits revealed the phenolic groups responsible for the coloring of the polyester fibers and confirmed the presence of certain compounds having antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities.
Deep Eutectic Solvent Dyeing of Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers with Disperse Dyes: Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies
Winges Fatima Muhammad Tarique Sadam Hussain Xinran Shi Xujing Wang Wardah Ahmed Icksoo Kim Kai Wei
Over a decade ago, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were introduced and have since found diverse applications due to their unique chemical and physical properties. Recently, they have gained considerable attention, especially in nanotechnology, being hailed as “new green solvents." In this study, we explore choline chloride (CC) as a DES due to its non-toxic and cost-effective nature, as well as its ability to enhance color yield properties of disperse dyes on nanofibers. Cellulose acetate nanofibers (CANF) were electrospun and subsequently dyed with CI Disperse Red 277, CI Disperse Blue 165:1, and CI Yellow 211 using the high-temperature exhaust method in two different media: choline chloride:ethylene glycol (CC:EG) and choline chloride:urea (CC:urea). The results revealed that CANF dyeing through the CC:EG media exhibited superior color fixation properties compared to the CC:urea media. Characterization of the dyed samples was conducted through Fourier transmission infrared (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the thermodynamic, standard affinities, and kinetic parameters were also analyzed. The novel method of dyeing cellulose nanofibers (CANF) with deep eutectic solvents (DES) not only demonstrated outstanding calorimetric properties but also required a significantly shorter duration compared to traditional dyeing processes. This breakthrough in dyeing technology brings forth numerous benefits. First, the dyeing of nanofibers in DES has proven to be environmentally friendly. Using DES as a dyeing medium, it offers a promising alternative to water, and auxiliary chemicals typically used in traditional dyeing methods. This reduces the overall negative environmental impact, making it a more sustainable choice. Additionally, the use of DES in dyeing CANF results in enhanced calorimetric properties, thereby improving the overall quality of the dyed fibers. Furthermore, the shorter duration required for dyeing with DES saves time and energy, making the process more efficient. Overall, this innovative approach to dyeing CANF with DES brings together environmental sustainability, improved product quality, and increased efficiency, making it a game-changer in the textile industry.
Designing of Antipyrine-Based Azo Dyes with Cyclic Dione Scaffolds for Application in Cotton Dyeing and Microbial Resistance
Kanchan R. Damade Dhananjay H. More
A series of five novel monoazo dyes designed from 4-amino antipyrine diazo coupling with five different cyclic ketones is successfully reported and characterized by possible spectroscopic methods to confirm their structural appearance. Based on FTIR and 1H-NMR spectral interpretation, dyes A and E are stable in their tautomer-like hydrazone and enol forms. In this endeavor, dyes were also subjected to an assessment of dyeing performance using high-temperature and high-pressure methods at 130 °C, and the synthesized dyes were found to have good dyeing abilities. Electron withdrawing group carbonyls in the heterocyclic moiety, adjacent to the diazo linkage, influence the shades of the dye on the fabric. The dyed fabric exhibits moderate to favorably good color fastness properties of washing, sublimation, heat, and perspiration. Antimicrobial screening was also performed against two fungal strains and four bacterial strains including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results are negligible for dyes A-D, but dye E possesses moderate to excellent inhibitory actions toward bacterial strain B. subtilis as well as the fungi C. albicans. These pathogens are found to exist on cotton fabrics for a month and induce health issues. Dyed cotton fabrics with dye E is found to be resistant to the fungus C. albicans which bears 14 days of lifespan on cotton fabric and causes nosocomial infections including vaginal yeast sepsis, diaper rashes, and thrush.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties of New Azo Disperse Dyes Incorporating Quinazolinone-Pyrazolone Moieties and Their Applications for Dyeing of Polyester Fabrics
Seham A. Ibrahim Adel I. Selim Asmaa M. Sakr Safia A. Mahmoud Ahmed A. Noser
The current study outlines a straightforward and efficient method for creating new quinazolinone disperse dyes based on pyrazolone moieties, starting with quinazolinone and a variety of substituted pyrazolone as couplers. The synthesized dyes were characterized using a variety of spectroscopic and analytical methods. The synthesized dyes' ultraviolet–visible spectra showed bands brought on by several molecular transitions. We investigated in detail the multifunctional characteristics such color representation, dyeing duration, concentration, pH, buildup, and fastness properties of the dyed samples. Fastness properties and colorimetric data showed satisfactory results, demonstrating the effectiveness of these dyes in dyeing polyester fabrics. A pH of 5 and a dyeing temperature of 130 °C were the ideal conditions for dyeing polyester fabrics. Additionally, an ultraviolet protection factor test was performed on the dyed fabrics, and the results showed that these dyes provide the best UV protection. These dyes are suitable for industrial dyeing applications since they are easy to manufacture and scale up. Additionally, in-vitro testing was done to determine the dyes' antibacterial effectiveness against various bacteria and fungi. The antibacterial activity of the dyes was moderate to very good against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi.
Influence of Varied MWCNTs Dispersion on EMI Shielding, UV Absorption, and Surface Properties of Electroless NiP/MWCNT-Coated UHMWPE Fabric
Anand Biradar Jayakrishna Kandasamy
The poor EMI shielding ability, limited UV resistance, and weak interfacial adhesion have restricted the use of Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fabric in ballistic, aviation, and other applications. To overcome these drawbacks, the present study proposes an electroless composite coating (NiP/MWCNT) on UHMWPE fabric surface with different weight propositions of MWCNTs (1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, and 3 mg/L). Comparative analysis in terms of morphology, surface roughness, functional groups, UV absorption, phase structure, surface energy, flammability, tensile load, peeling load, and EMI shielding was carried out to understand the influence of MWCNTs concentration in the NiP/MWCNT composite coating. Morphological analysis revealed that when the concentration of MWCNT increases, the nodular structure changes and the coating structure turns coarser. In addition, UV absorption, surface roughness, and crystal size increased and the burning rate during the flammability test decreased. Fabric tensile test and peel test results revealed improvements in breaking load and peeling load with higher MWCNTs concentration. In the X band frequency range, NiP/MWCNT composite coating exhibited higher shielding effectiveness (SET=64.10 dB) for a lower coating thickness of 0.033 mm compared to NiP coating (SET = 42.25 dB) with a higher coating thickness of 0.038 mm. This article further details the EMI shielding, surface energy, single yarn tensile test, and the peeling load of NiP/MWCNT composite-coated UHMWPE fabrics.
Effects of Natural Fiber Waste, Content, and Coupling Agent on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Species–Plastic Composites as Green Materials
Sriwan Khamtree Chainarong Srivabut Santi Khamtree Roihatai Kaewmai
The use of recycled or waste materials is environmentally beneficial. This study focuses on recycled plastic and wood waste which are produced as wood–plastic composites (WPCs). The effect of loading, wood species, and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the physical and mechanical properties of WPCs is evaluated. Extrusion and compression were employed to produce the composite samples. Three types of wood waste are evaluated, namely rubberwood flour (RWF), coir fiber, and palm fiber at wood loadings of 30, 40, and 50 wt%. The results indicate that loading and wood species significantly affected the hardness, tensile strength, and flexural properties of the WPCs. Moreover, the addition of MAPP had a significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of WPCs resulting in improved compatibility of wood and polymer matrix and crystallization properties. The highest impact strength (3.88 kJ/m2), tensile strength (25.73 MPa), flexural strength (37.55 MPa), and crystallinity (42.52%) were accomplished at 40 wt% RWF with MAPP. However, the water absorption, hardness, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus of the WPCs increased as the wood loading increased. Moreover, WPCs based on 30 wt% RWF with MAPP had the lowest water absorption (5.59%) after being immersed for 8 weeks. Therefore, this study provides a use for low-cost recycled plastic and wood waste as filler materials for WPCs that can be used in structures and building applications because of their high performance, benefitting both the economy and the environment.
Hybrid Metal/Composite Structures Under Quasi-static Axial Compression Loads: A Comparative Study
Mahmoud M. Awd Allah Mohamed I. Abd El Aal Marwa A. Abd El-baky
This research presents an experimental examination of the crashworthiness performance and the crush history of hybrid constructions made of metal and composite materials. The metallic part is aluminum alloy (Al6063), while the composite part is carbon (C) and E-glass (G) textiles reinforced with epoxy. The hand lay-up technique of wet wrapping was used to fabricate the specimens, which were then tested under quasi-static axial compression pressure. Two groups of hybrid structures were fabricated: the first group is glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GFRE) overwrapped Al6063 tubes, whereas the second group is the hybridization between carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (CFRE) and GFRE-overwrapped Al6063 tubes. A number of crashworthiness indicators were evaluated for the suggested tubes, including the initial peak force (Fip), total absorbed energy (AE), mean crush force (Fm), specific absorbed energy (SEA), and crush force efficiency (CFE). The experimental results exhibited that for group one, the Al6063/8G tube has the maximum Fip, Fm, AE, and CFE with values of 77.54 kN, 47.87 kN, 3350.99 J, and 0.62, respectively, while the Al6063 tube shows the maximum SEA with a value of 44.63 J/g. Furthermore, the Al6063/4G/4C tube in group two displays values of, respectively, 120.44 kN, 81.56 kN, 5709.41 J, 59.74 J/g, and 0.68 the extreme for Fip, Fm, AE, SEA, and CFE.
The Influence of Glass Fiber and Copper Wire z-Binder on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Polymeric Composites
A. Ashraf Ghandour A. I. Selmy M. Megahed A. M. Kabeel Ahmed Ibrahim
Three-dimensional composites (3D) have potential applications in various fields due to their enhanced properties compared to conventional two-dimensional composites (2D). This study investigates the effect of different volumes of z-binder made from copper wire and E-glass fiber on the mechanical properties of 3D woven polymeric composites. The tensile, flexural, and fracture toughness behavior of four types of 3D orthogonal woven composites were studied in addition to a comparative 2D composite. The creation of the 3D orthogonal single-ply fabrics involved weaving z-binders using two different copper wire diameters, single fiber bundles, and double fiber bundles, each combined with four layers of woven E-glass fiber. The consolidation process for both 2D fabric and single-fabric 3D woven composites was executed using the hand lay-up technique. The results showed that most 3D woven composites outperformed 2D composites in terms of fracture toughness (stress intensity factor KIC and energy release rate GIC) and flexural strain. However, a decrease in flexural strength and tensile properties was observed for all 3D composites. The specimen with a small copper diameter had the smallest decrease of 5% in tensile strength. Furthermore, a decrease of 9% and 21% was attained by reinforcing with double and single glass fiber bundle z-binders, respectively, as compared with 2D composites. The highest enhancement of 92.5% in flexural failure strain was attained with double glass fiber bundles of z-binder. The maximum improvement in KIC fracture toughness, reaching 126% and 101.5%, was observed in specimens with a single glass fiber bundle z-binder and those with a large copper wire diameter, respectively.