Surface Treatment of Cotton Fabric Using Aloe vera-Modified ZnO Nanoparticles for Self-cleaning and UV-Protective Coating 


Vol. 26,  No. 12, pp. 5475-5486, Dec.  2025
10.1007/s12221-025-01180-z


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  Abstract

Highly protective clothing requiring minimal maintenance is essential for outdoor workers who face prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and encounter chemical and biological pollutants. In this study, a self-cleaning and UV-protective coating was developed on cellulose fabric via the green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and subsequent modification with stearic acid. The self-cleaning effect of the fabric is attributed to its superhydrophobic, water-repellency-induced particulate removal and antibacterial properties. The solution-immersion method was employed for fabric modification, utilizing zinc (Zn) acetate, Aloe vera leaf skin extract, and stearic acid. XRD and SEM–EDX analyses confirmed the formation of amorphous, irregularly shaped ZnO NPs after the in situ synthesis. This led to excellent UV protection and effective antibacterial activity. Further modification resulted in a superhydrophobic fabric due to the precipitation of stearic acid crystals on the surface. The fabrics exhibited good washing durability and excellent UV protection, even with prolonged sun exposure. Overall, the study demonstrates a viable method for producing a UV-protective and self-cleaning cellulose fabric using environmentally friendly materials and processes.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

L. A. P. Caro, M. D. L. Balela, R. K. M. Raguindin, "Surface Treatment of Cotton Fabric Using Aloe vera-Modified ZnO Nanoparticles for Self-cleaning and UV-Protective Coating," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 5475-5486, 2025. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01180-z.

[ACM Style]

Lorein Angelique P. Caro, Mary Donnabelle L. Balela, and Ricky Kristan M. Raguindin. 2025. Surface Treatment of Cotton Fabric Using Aloe vera-Modified ZnO Nanoparticles for Self-cleaning and UV-Protective Coating. Fibers and Polymers, 26, 12, (2025), 5475-5486. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01180-z.

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