Fabrication of Urushiol/HPC-Modified PVA Nanofiber Membranes via Electrospinning for Heavy Metal Adsorption in PCB Wastewater 


Vol. 27,  No. 2, pp. 629-638, Feb.  2026
10.1007/s12221-025-01246-y


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  Abstract

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) served as the raw material for fabricating nanofiber membranes via electrospinning. PVA was modified by incorporating urushiol (UR) extracted from lacquer trees. Urushiol is rich in polyphenolic hydroxyl groups (–OH), which exhibit strong chelating affinity for heavy metals. The hydroxyl groups on the PVA molecular chain provide additional adsorption sites, synergistically enhancing metal ion capture efficiency alongside urushiol. This modification also reduces the water solubility of PVA and improves its chemical resistance. In addition, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) was introduced as an additive, increasing the tensile strength of the PVA nanofiber membrane by 6.8 times. Beyond offering basic adsorption sites, HPC facilitates metal ion capture through hydrogen bonding and weak coordination. The enhanced mechanical properties enable the detachment of adsorbed heavy metals via centrifugation and ultrasonication, allowing cyclic reuse of the membrane. The PVA/HPC/Urushiol nanofiber membrane demonstrated an adsorption efficiency exceeding 97% for Zn2+, Fe3+, and Cd2+ (commonly found in printed circuit board wastewater) during the initial use at pH values of 6.5 and 3. The average adsorption efficiency remained above 85% after two reuse cycles.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

L. Wei, C. Chen, M. Wei, B. Shiu, Q. Yuan, J. Lin, "Fabrication of Urushiol/HPC-Modified PVA Nanofiber Membranes via Electrospinning for Heavy Metal Adsorption in PCB Wastewater," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 629-638, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01246-y.

[ACM Style]

Li Wei, Chunxia Chen, Mengdan Wei, Bing-Chiuan Shiu, Qian-Yu Yuan, and Jia-Horng Lin. 2026. Fabrication of Urushiol/HPC-Modified PVA Nanofiber Membranes via Electrospinning for Heavy Metal Adsorption in PCB Wastewater. Fibers and Polymers, 27, 2, (2026), 629-638. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01246-y.

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pISSN : 1229 - 9197
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