Copper-Doped Barium Titanate-Reinforced PVDF–HFP Nanocomposites for Next-Generation Energy Harvesting Devices 


Vol. 27,  No. 2, pp. 885-899, Feb.  2026
10.1007/s12221-025-01251-1


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  Abstract

The development of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) with enhanced performance, stability, and durability is crucial for the development of portable and autonomous electronic devices. In this study, flexible nanocomposite films were fabricated via electrospinning, combining a polyvinylidene fluoride–co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF–HFP) polymer matrix with copper-doped barium titanate (CBT) nanoparticles at loadings ranging from 1 wt% to 16 wt%. The incorporation of CBT nanoparticles significantly increased the β-phase content and improved the dielectric properties of the film. The piezoelectric response was evaluated by finger tapping, and the pristine PVDF–HFP film generated an open-circuit voltage of 1 V and a current of 0.22 µA. With increasing CBT content, the dielectric constant increased from 12 to 67 at room temperature, and the maximum output voltage and current reached 2.56 V and 0.63 µA for the 16 wt% CBT nanocomposites. These findings demonstrate that PVDF–HFP/CBT nanocomposites exhibit superior piezoelectric performance compared to pure PVDF–HFP, highlighting their potential for lead-free energy harvesting and self-powered Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

R. Gowdaman and A. Deepa, "Copper-Doped Barium Titanate-Reinforced PVDF–HFP Nanocomposites for Next-Generation Energy Harvesting Devices," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 885-899, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01251-1.

[ACM Style]

R. Gowdaman and A. Deepa. 2026. Copper-Doped Barium Titanate-Reinforced PVDF–HFP Nanocomposites for Next-Generation Energy Harvesting Devices. Fibers and Polymers, 27, 2, (2026), 885-899. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01251-1.

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