Development of Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Bio-Polyurethane Resins as Modifying Agent for Ramie Fibers, Threads, and Fabrics 


Vol. 27,  No. 3, pp. 1091-1107, Mar.  2026
10.1007/s12221-025-01281-9


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  Abstract

Indonesia’s reliance on synthetic fibers and the unmet domestic demand for cotton highlight the need for local alternative fibers to achieve self-sufficiency in textile raw materials. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) shows high potential but is limited by flammability. Tannin-based non-isocyanate bio-polyurethane (T-Bio-NIPU) can be used as a ramie-impregnating agent to enhance the thermal stability and mechanical properties of ramie. This research aims to analyze the synthesis of T-Bio-NIPU, determine its characteristics, and evaluate ramie fibers, threads, and fabrics impregnated with T-Bio-NIPU. T-Bio-NIPU was synthesised from concentrated tannin extract, dimethyl carbonate, and hexamethylenetetramine, and then applied to ramie by impregnation. Tannin extraction yielded 22.71%. FTIR confirmed the presence of urethane bonds in T-Bio-NIPU and impregnated samples. Formulation type (F1–F4) and sample type (fiber, thread, and fabric) significantly influenced tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and flammability. Ramie fibers impregnated with T-Bio-NIPU F3 exhibited the highest tensile strength and modulus, whereas the impregnated fabrics had the lowest burning rate. Fibers were more susceptible to hydrolysis than threads and fabrics. These findings highlight T-Bio-NIPU’s potential to develop high-performance, flame-retardant ramie textiles using local resources and promote innovative functional textile solutions.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

A. Amelia, R. K. Sari, Y. H. Prayogo, A. H. Iswanto, M. A. R. Lubis, "Development of Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Bio-Polyurethane Resins as Modifying Agent for Ramie Fibers, Threads, and Fabrics," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1091-1107, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01281-9.

[ACM Style]

Azizah Amelia, Rita Kartika Sari, Yanico Hadi Prayogo, Apri Heri Iswanto, and Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis. 2026. Development of Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Bio-Polyurethane Resins as Modifying Agent for Ramie Fibers, Threads, and Fabrics. Fibers and Polymers, 27, 3, (2026), 1091-1107. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01281-9.

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