Preparation of Keratin-Based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting Applications 


Vol. 27,  No. 3, pp. 1145-1157, Mar.  2026
10.1007/s12221-025-01298-0


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  Abstract

Keratin, a naturally derived biopolymer, exhibits excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, presenting potential application prospect in tissue engineering by 3D printing. This study developed a novel bioink by incorporating glycidyl methacrylate-modified keratin (Ker-GMA) with the methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and nanoclay, and a novel 3D printing keratin-based scaffold (Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffolds) was prepared using the bioink. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful synthesis Ker-GMA and HAMA and the degree of substitution of Ker-GMA and HAMA were quantified as 27.8 ± 1.2% and 43.4 ± 1.4% by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Rheological tests demonstrated that the keratin-based bioink with 10wt% nanoclay addition is suitable for printing application and present excellent optical crosslinking property. In vitro cell culture experiments confirmed the excellent biocompatibility of the Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffolds. The relative growth rate (RGR) of the L929 fibroblasts on the scaffold reached 96% at 1 day, and further increased to 127% by day 5, which was significantly higher than that in the control group. These results indicate that the Ker-GMA/HAMA scaffold is a promising candidate for tissue regeneration.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

B. Jia, Y. Jin, T. Lei, Y. Ma, H. Shen, M. Jin, X. Li, A. Lin, J. Fan, "Preparation of Keratin-Based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting Applications," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1145-1157, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01298-0.

[ACM Style]

Baixue Jia, Yongle Jin, Tongda Lei, Yaqian Ma, Hao Shen, Mengli Jin, Xipeng Li, Anqi Lin, and Jie Fan. 2026. Preparation of Keratin-Based Bioink for 3D Bioprinting Applications. Fibers and Polymers, 27, 3, (2026), 1145-1157. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01298-0.

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