Optimization of Innovative Beeswax Coatings on Knitted Fabrics Supported by DFT Analysis 


Vol. 27,  No. 3, pp. 1215-1230, Mar.  2026
10.1007/s12221-025-01280-w


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  Abstract

This study explores the treatment of PET-based knitted fabric with beeswax, focusing on optimizing the application process and evaluating the resulting properties. Beeswax composition was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). An efficient coating method was developed, and the treated fabric's performance was assessed. A Box–Behnken experimental design optimized key parameters, including beeswax concentration, drying temperature, and curing temperature. The fabric underwent a detailed analysis of its morphological changes, colorimetric properties, and functional characteristics, including its contact angle and water resistance. Results showed the beeswax-treated fabric exhibited significant hydrophobicity, with a contact angle exceeding 100°, good wash and crock fastness, and excellent light fastness. Durability tests confirmed hydrophobicity remained acceptable, with a contact angle of 95°. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations further investigated molecular interactions between beeswax and PET-based textiles, providing strong evidence supporting treatment effectiveness. As a result, beeswax-treated knitted fabrics are ideal for diverse sectors, offering versatile opportunities for innovative textile product development.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

W. Ghedira, M. Souissi, F. C. Navarrete, C. Boudokhane, H. Dhaouadi, "Optimization of Innovative Beeswax Coatings on Knitted Fabrics Supported by DFT Analysis," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1215-1230, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01280-w.

[ACM Style]

Wafa Ghedira, Marwa Souissi, Fernando Carrillo Navarrete, Chedly Boudokhane, and Hatem Dhaouadi. 2026. Optimization of Innovative Beeswax Coatings on Knitted Fabrics Supported by DFT Analysis. Fibers and Polymers, 27, 3, (2026), 1215-1230. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01280-w.

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