Design and Performance Study of Yarn Capacitors Based on 3D Interdigital Structures of Stainless Steel/Polyester Blended Yarns 


Vol. 27,  No. 3, pp. 1243-1258, Mar.  2026
10.1007/s12221-025-01252-0


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  Abstract

Textile-based capacitors hold great promise for wearable electronics; however, the development of devices that simultaneously achieve high performance, mechanical flexibility, and scalability remains a significant challenge. In this work, stainless steel/polyester blended yarn (SS/PET yarn) was employed to fabricate two three-dimensional interdigital electrode structures: the Equivalent Interdigital Electrode Structure of Conductive Yarn (CY-EIDES), based on high-SS-content yarn, and the Interdigital Electrode Structure with Randomly Distributed Conductive Fibers (RDCF-IDES), enabled by the random distribution of conductive fibers within low-SS-content yarn. The effects of SS content, yarn geometric parameters, and yarn arrangement on capacitance performance were systematically investigated. Experimental results reveal a conductive percolation threshold of approximately 9% in SS/PET yarn. CY-EIDES delivers a specific capacitance of 0.30 F/m at 25% SS content, whereas RDCF-IDES achieves a significantly higher value of 1.00 F/m at only 9% SS content, representing a 227.63% enhancement. Further analysis indicates that shorter yarn lengths, moderate SS diameters, and higher twist levels contribute synergistically to optimizing the capacitance performance of RDCF-IDES. This study demonstrates that the RDCF-IDES design enables efficient capacitor construction with minimal metal content, while maintaining excellent weavability and flexibility. The architecture is well-suited for integration into wearable energy storage systems and electromagnetic shielding textiles, offering a promising strategy for embedded capacitive components in next-generation flexible and wearable electronics.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

R. Xinyi, X. Hong, S. Meiwu, J. Hui, W. Ni, "Design and Performance Study of Yarn Capacitors Based on 3D Interdigital Structures of Stainless Steel/Polyester Blended Yarns," Fibers and Polymers, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1243-1258, 2026. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01252-0.

[ACM Style]

Ruan Xinyi, Xiao Hong, Shi Meiwu, Ji Hui, and Wang Ni. 2026. Design and Performance Study of Yarn Capacitors Based on 3D Interdigital Structures of Stainless Steel/Polyester Blended Yarns. Fibers and Polymers, 27, 3, (2026), 1243-1258. DOI: 10.1007/s12221-025-01252-0.

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