A Study on the Cooling Performance of Fire Extinguishing Agents for Controlling Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Batteries 


Vol. 40,  No. 5, pp. 36-44, Oct.  2025
10.14341/JKOSOS.2025.40.5.36


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  Abstract

To control the propagation of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, the cooling performance of six types of extinguishing agents(loaded stream, Carbon dioxide, HFC-236fa, HCFC-123, FK-5-1-12), including water, was compared. To perform the comparison under identical conditions, extinguishing agents were sprayed onto a 5-㎜-thick square steel plate (150 ㎜ × 170 ㎜) maintained at 200 ℃. Surface temperature changes were measured, and the changes in heat energy removed were compared. Water-based extinguishing agents exhibited superior cooling performance compared to gas-based agents, with water being the best, while FK-5-1-12 exhibited the best cooling performance among the gas-based agents. Experiments were then conducted to control the propagation of thermal runaway in a module consisting of 28 lithium-ion battery cells using water and FK-5-1-12. The surface of a single cell within the module was heated at a rate of 7℃/min to induce thermal runaway, after which the extinguishing agent (water or FK-5-1-12) was injected into the module. In both cases, the thermal runaway was extinguished, and its propagation was prevented. It was therefore confirmed that the propagation of thermal runaway can be stopped by injecting an extinguishing agent (including water) with cooling properties into the module at the initial stage of thermal runaway and allowing it to flow sufficiently.

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  Cite this article

[IEEE Style]

강두호 and 홍승태, "A Study on the Cooling Performance of Fire Extinguishing Agents for Controlling Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Batteries," Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 36-44, 2025. DOI: 10.14341/JKOSOS.2025.40.5.36.

[ACM Style]

강두호 and 홍승태. 2025. A Study on the Cooling Performance of Fire Extinguishing Agents for Controlling Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Journal of the Korean Society of Safety, 40, 5, (2025), 36-44. DOI: 10.14341/JKOSOS.2025.40.5.36.

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