유성훈  윤현성  서영훈  심지현

Vol. 63,  No. 1, pp. 63-69, Feb.  2026
10.12772/TSE.2026.63.063

PTC composite graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) self-regulating heating element planar heating element heat transfer simulation

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In this research, a PTC/GNP mixture was manufactured by mixing GNP with various mass fractions (0.1–0.5 wt.%), and then PTC/GNP was coated on a meta-aramid plain fabric mixed with a conductive yarn to manufacture a planar heating element for a vehicle heating device. After analyzing the thermal and electrical characteristics, the optimal manufacturing process conditions were derived. A heat transfer simulation study on a human dummy model in a virtual space was also conducted in parallel, and the study was conducted to derive predictions for the thermal environment of the human body without actually performing complex tests, thereby reducing development costs and time. The results of the analysis of the characteristics of PTC/GNP mixtures according to GNP content are as follows. As the GNP content increased, the room-temperature electrical resistance decreased, but at 0.1 wt.%, the PTC ratio increased significantly at 150°C due to excessive network collapse between GNPs. When the GNP content was 0.3 wt.%, the balance between room-temperature and high-temperature resistances was the best, and it was judged to be the optimal composition for stably implementing self-temperature control characteristics. As a result of heat transfer analysis in a virtual vehicle environment, the heat flux felt by the human body dummy was the highest at 126.5 W/m² in a GNP composition of 0.3 wt.%, and it is expected to be effective in improving actual vehicle heating efficiency. In the future, we plan to conduct additional research on the comfort and stability felt by human dummy models in virtual vehicle spaces.