Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) are widely applied across various industries due to their excellent mechanical properties and lightweight characteristics. However, ensuring thermal stability and flame retardancy under extreme conditions remains a significant challenge. This paper investigates the latest technological advancements aimed at enhancing the heat resistance and flame retardancy of CFRPs. These investigations are based on an understanding of their combustion behavior and the mechanisms of heat resistance and flame retardancy. Various retardant strategies, including phosphorus-based additives, nanofillers, and hydroxide-based materials, are introduced targeting condensedphase, gas-phase, endothermic, and dilution mechanisms to suppress combustion. In addition, surface modification techniques such as ceramic and polymer coatings are presented as effective means to block heat and oxygen diffusion. The application of high-performance resins such as cyanate ester and phenolic resins is discussed as a means of improving thermal stability. Furthermore, condensed-phase mechanisms are reinforced by promoting the formation of dense char layers. These layers act as thermal and oxygen barriers, effectively enhancing fire resistance. Recent studies on eco-friendly retardants and high temperature degradation modeling are also addressed, providing a comprehensive view of strategies for the next generation of heat resistant and flame-retardant CFRP systems.

This research aims to provide an easy method for generating high-quality rendering of digital fashion garment stores. Various well-known low-priced software of several categories, such as avatar generation, motion data preparation, stage data drawing, and final rendering, were tested to make a virtual fashion show easily. The final test showed that apparel CAD software such as clo3D or FashionNet was proper for garment data generation. Mixamo was also the best solution for skin weight generation and motion mapping. TwinMotion was also recommended for the final ray-tracing-based high-quality rendering for the garment, avatar, and buildings including motion. The test result also revealed that even non-professional users can generate the product in as short as 60 minutes. By the way, the difference among motion bone structures was found which can be obstacles for each motion transfer.

Electrospun Silk Fibroin (SF) nanofibers have emerged as promising materials for primary wound dressings due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and high specific surface area. Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), a semi-synthetic hydrophilic polymer, has also been widely utilized in biomedical applications owing to its water absorption capacity and biocompatibility. In this study, SF and HPMC were combined to fabricate SF/HPMC nanofibrous (SHNFs) via electrospinning, and the effects of HPMC content on their physicochemical and biological properties were systematically evaluated. As the HPMC concentration increased, the viscosity of the spinning solution rose nonlinearly while its electrical conductivity decreased, adversely affecting process stability. Above 1.5% HPMC, fiber morphology became increasingly non-uniform, and the basis weight significantly declined. SHNF1 exhibited the highest tensile strength (3.01 MPa), but no consistent trend was observed with increasing HPMC content. Although fiber uniformity and mat density decreased, the water absorption capacity improved progressively with HPMC addition, suggesting a dominant role of HPMC’s inherent hydrophilicity. FTIR spectra showed a shift in the Amide I band between RSF and SHNFs, implying a change in molecular environment, while no clear secondary structural transitions were detected among SHNF samples. Cytotoxicity assessment using LDH assay revealed no significant differences from the low control group, confirming minimal cytotoxic effects on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. These findings indicate that SHNFs exhibit excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, supporting their potential use as effective primary wound dressings. Based on these findings, the optimal HPMC concentration was determined to be 1% (w/v), balancing spinnability, structural integrity, and functional performance.

This study investigated the potential application of polyolefin-based films-specifically polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), originally used as lithium-ion battery separators-as breathable films for textile use. To evaluate their suitability, mechanical properties (tensile, tear, and peel strength), comfort properties (hydrostatic pressure and water vapor permeability), and hand properties were analyzed and compared with those of conventional polyurethane (PU) films. The polyolefin-based laminated fabrics exhibited mechanical performance comparable to those of PU-laminated fabrics. All samples demonstrated a hydrostatic pressure above 8,000 mmH2O and a water vapor permeability exceeding 15,000 g/m²·day, indicating sufficient waterproof-breathable performance for outdoor use. Additionally, both PE and PU films and their laminated fabrics showed favorable hand properties in terms of smoothness and softness, while the PP films exhibited significant improvement after lamination. These findings suggest that polyolefin-based PE and PP films are promising PFAS-free alternatives to existing membranes in waterproofbreathable apparel.

The PLA nanofiber manufacturing technology using the melt electrospinning method requires the maintenance of the nozzle temperature (260?), so a non-contact induction heating method is to be applied. However, it is not easy to obtain experimental data on the heating and maintenance time of the induction heating method, so it is possible to secure the conditions through simulation of the process variables required for the process through finite element analysis. In this study, the nozzle part of the induction heating method was designed with a copper coil with a 3/16 inch outer diameter of 4.76 mm, an inner diameter of 3.24 mm, a thickness of 0.76 mm, and a gap of 2 mm. The induction heating analysis used an axisymmetric model, and the heating time was 5 seconds, the frequency was 40 kHz, the initial current was 150 A, and the number of turns was 5. It was confirmed that uniform PLA fiber production with an average diameter of 1.7±0.2 μm and 2.63 μm was possible at a feed rate of 150 rpm, a TCD of 150 mm, a voltage of 42 KV, and a melting temperature of 260 oC was possible.