Imatitikua Aiyanyo  Hyogyeong Shin  Milandu Keith Moussavou Boussougou  Nathaniel Adebowale Abegunde  Jaehyung Seo  HeuiSeok Lim

10.23246/AAIRJ.2025.02.01.01

Blockchain Smart Cities Artificial intelligence

The growth of the urban population has fueled the development of smarter cities. Smart cities built on blockchain have proven to have increased resilience to security threats, increased reliability, and many other advantages. This paper examines how blockchain has been implemented in the smart city infrastructure to date. Looking at existing research between 2013 and 2022, we investigate how blockchain research has evolved in a decade, especially the triggers for the boom in research in 2017, and how the trends have changed to date. Although by 2018, researchers were trying different concepts and exploring the potential in different fields, the COVID-19 pandemic was the only strong external factor that caused a shift in the trend toward smart health. However, despite the pandemic, the smart health research spike was very brief as there was more research on smart economy and smart living. Therefore, as blockchain expands, there are a lot of challenges that need to be resolved. Thus, this paper also discusses the challenges associated with blockchain-based smart cities and possible solutions using AI convergence.