pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 26, No. 9, Sep. 2025)
Preparation of Multi-scale PI Nanofiber Membranes for High Temperature Air Filtration
Jinsheng Qiao Fan Liu Hongyang Sang Xianhua Zhang Manman Zhai Xi Wang Yingxue Pei Sitian Liu Linlin Du
To address the insufficient efficiency of traditional filter materials in treating high-temperature waste gas from thermal power plants, a multi-scale polyimide (PI) nanofiber membrane was fabricated using a double-needle electrospinning system with polyamide acid (PAA) as the precursor. Experimental results identified solution concentration as the key factor controlling fiber diameter. Uniform coarse and fine fibers were successfully produced using spinning solution concentrations of 28 wt% and 36 wt%, respectively. Based on this characteristic, we have prepared multi-scale PI nanofiber membranes through conjugate electrospinning. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful synthesis of PI. Mechanical testing revealed that multi-scale nanofibers exhibit better toughness. Filtration performance testing demonstrated that the membrane achieved 99.21% efficiency for 0.3 µm particles with an airflow resistance of only 67.7 Pa. Compared to pure coarse fiber membranes (58.4% efficiency, 30.3 Pa resistance) and pure fine fiber membranes (99.35% efficiency, 134.7 Pa resistance), this represents a high filtration efficiency and low airflow resistance. Furthermore, the multi-scale PI nanofiber membrane maintained stable filtration performance at 300 °C. This study provides a novel and practical solution for industrial high-temperature waste gas treatment.
Fabrication of Microfiber Bundles via Melt Electrospinning Technique
Chunming Wang Qi Xia Bowen Yang Minghang Li Wenwen Han Hongbo Chen
Polypropylene (PP) yarn has the advantages of low density, excellent mechanical properties and good abrasion resistance. Its fiber preparation process is low cost and environmentally friendly. The process of preparing PP yarns involves forming stable fibers, aggregating the fibers into bundles, and twisting the bundles to form yarns. However, in the melt electrostatic spinning process, the poor uniformity of the melt reaching the nozzle position leads to an unstable fiber generation process during spinning, which increases the difficulty of directly and continuously collecting the fibers and forming fiber tows. In this paper, a melt-differential electrostatic spinning method using unilateral airflow assistance is proposed for the preparation of PP fiber tows. In this method, the melt at the nozzle is stretched and cooled to form fibers under the action of an electric field. Assisted by a unilateral airflow, these fibers can be further stretched and cooled before contacting the electrode plate, and are finally collected on a rotating roll to form fiber bundles. In this paper, the effects of voltage, airflow rate, and collection roller speed on the morphology and mechanical properties of fibers and their assemblies are investigated. The experimental results show that the addition of auxiliary airflow significantly improves the collection efficiency of fibers when the speed of unilateral auxiliary airflow is controlled within 2.5 m/s compared with the experimental results without auxiliary airflow, and the number of fibers in each fiber bundle increases under the condition of auxiliary airflow. In addition, the auxiliary airflow helps to refine the fiber diameter to 10–20 μm and significantly improves the overall fiber mechanical efficiency. This technology opens up new avenues for the application of PP fibers in a wider range of applications and shows good prospects for development.
Enhanced Photocatalytic and Biological Properties of Cellulose Cotton Fabric Coated with Carboxyethyl Chitosan/Zinc Oxide Bio-nanocomposite
Mutiara Ayu Punnama Siriphannon Pathavuth Monvisade
This study developed a CECS/ZnO-functionalized cotton fiber sheets as a single-use filter layer for face masks, with enhanced antibacterial and photocatalytic properties. Cotton fiber sheets were modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using a dip-coating method, with and without carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS) as a binder and stabilizing agent. The fiber sheets were treated with 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M Zn(NO3)2 solutions, followed by hydrothermal synthesis in NH4OH (Zn:NH4OH = 1:2) at 100 °C for 1 h. The study successfully demonstrated ZnO NPs formation on cotton sheets, producing ZnO-immobilized cotton sheets (Cf/Zn). Higher Zn2⁺ concentrations promoted greater nucleation of ZnO nanoparticles. However, they also caused particle agglomeration, which reduced the surface area and weakened ZnO adhesion to the cotton fibers. This presents a significant challenge in achieving a uniform nanoparticle distribution. However, the introduction of carboxyethyl chitosan (CECS) (Cf/CECS/Zn) as a binder and stabilizer represents a novel approach that showed a superior ZnO adhesion, better particle distribution, and higher Zn content than untreated Cf/Zn. Among the samples, Cf/CECS/Zn0.1 exhibited the highest Zn content (154 ppm), the highest antibacterial zone diameter (29.39 mm), and the most effective photocatalytic activity (65.66%). While both Cf/Zn and Cf/CECS/Zn demonstrated antibacterial activity against S. aureus, Cf/CECS/Zn0.1 showed superior performance, with low cytotoxicity confirmed by Vero cell viability tests. The treated fibers also displayed enhanced hydrophobic and photocatalytic properties. These results demonstrate the potential of CECS-modified ZnO-immobilized cotton sheets for advanced healthcare filtration applications, offering enhanced antibacterial, photocatalytic, and non-toxic properties.
Electrospun Polycarbonate-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposite Membranes Incorporating Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Water Treatment: Anti-fouling Performance Against Organic Pollutant
Javad Yekrang Habib Etemadi Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi
Electrospun nanocomposite membranes (ENCMs) offer promising advancements for water microfiltration (MF) applications. In this study, polycarbonate/thermoplastic polyurethane (PC/TPU) nanocomposite membranes were electrospun and incorporated with 1, 3, and 5 wt.% copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The resulting membranes were evaluated in terms of their morphological features, chemical composition, hydrophilicity, tensile strength, water flux performance, and anti-fouling capabilities. Morphological analysis revealed that the average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers ranged between 67 and 90 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) indicated a tendency for CuO NPs migration and agglomeration at the highest loading of 5 wt.%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of all characteristic functional groups from the constituent materials in the final nanocomposite membranes. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements demonstrated a significant improvement in membrane hydrophilicity with CuO NP incorporation. Specifically, WCA decreased from 114° for the neat membrane to 63° when the CuO NP content was increased to 3 wt.%. Water flux experiments were carried out using a submerged filtration module with humic acid (HA) as a model organic pollutant. The membrane containing 3 wt.% CuO NPs exhibited a pure water flux of 907 L.m−2.h−1 and a HA solution flux of 446 L.m−2.h−1. Furthermore, NFM-Cu3 displayed superior anti-fouling performance with an irreversible fouling ratio (IFR) of only 5.8% and high HA rejection efficiency of about 99%. These findings suggest that ENCMs containing CuO NPs has the potential to serve as an effective alternative to conventional thin-film polymer membranes in water filtration systems, offering improved permeability, selectivity, and fouling resistance.
The Effect of Calcium Carbonate on the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of the PLA/Maize Stalk Composites
L. Magunga T. G. Mofokeng M. T. Motloung P. Ncube M. J. Mochane
This study focused at exploring the feasibility of using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a reinforcing filler and compatibilizer for polylactic acid/maize stalk fiber (PLA/MSF) composites. The effect of CaCO3 on the flammability, thermal, and rheological properties of the PLA/MSF composite was investigated. The hybrid composites PLA/CaCO3/MSF were prepared using CaCO3, and pulverized PLA and MSF. The CaCO3 composition was kept at 5wt.%, while the MSF was varied from 10 to 20 wt.%. By utilizing various characterization techniques, the surface/structural properties of the hybrid composites were analyzed. The results indicated that incorporating CaCO3 enhanced the dispersion of fibers in the 85/5/10 PLA/CaCO3/MSF and 75/5/20 PLA/CaCO3/MSF composites, irrespective of the fiber content. The hybrid systems demonstrated a reduction in pHRR peaks, ranging from 130 to 148 kW/m2, in contrast to the observed range of 555 to 697 kW/m2 for the neat PLA, PLA/MSF, and PLA/CaCO3 composites. In addition, the hybrid composites recorded lower THR values compared to pure PLA and the binary composites. The 75/5/20 PLA/CaCO3/MSF exhibited the highest storage modulus, whereas increased complex viscosity and G’’ were observed at higher fiber loading (20 wt.%). Calcium carbonate content raised the degradation temperature of the 95/5 PLA/CaCO3 composite in comparison to neat PLA. In contrast, higher loading of MSF (20 wt.%) had an opposite effect on the PLA/CaCO3 composites. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of CaCO3 as a reinforcing filler and compatibilizer in PLA/maize stalk composites.
PI/CsxWO3/GO Composite Aerogel Fibers with Highly Efficient Solar Energy Utilization for Personal Thermal Management
Jing Xu Jingxiao Liu Fei Shi Jianbin Xiao Wen Pei Chen Yu
Developing fibers with integrated photothermal conversion and thermal storage functions provides a promising approach for personal thermal management. However, conventional phase change materials (PCMs) are limited by poor solar absorption and leakage issues, reducing their efficiency. Herein, a novel porous polyimide/CsxWO3/GO composite aerogel fiber (PCGAF) was fabricated by freeze-spinning technology, using polyimide as the skeleton and incorporating CsxWO3 and graphene oxide (GO) as photothermal absorbers. Moreover, a PCGAF/PEG composite with enhanced phase change thermal storage capacity was obtained by vacuum-impregnating polyethylene glycol (PEG), as a phase change material, into the framework of PCGAF. The as-prepared aerogel fibers exhibit superior radiative heating, outstanding thermal stability, and excellent thermal management properties. The addition of an appropriate amount of GO improves the solar absorption efficiency of the composite aerogel fibers and provides a thermally conductive backbone, facilitating the rapid thermal response of PCGAF/PEG. The optimized PCGAF-1/PEG exhibited high PEG loading (91.5%) and high enthalpy (117.8 J/g). The dynamic thermal properties of the PCGAF/PEG can effectively regulate body temperature fluctuations, making them highly promising for next-generation smart textiles in personal thermal management.
Property Enhancement of Direct-Spun Carbon Nanotube Fibers via Polyethylene Glycol Infiltration
Jung Gi Choi Jong Woo Park Tao Li Ji Hoon Ahn Youngjin Jeong Seon Jeong Kim
Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is a promising material for various applications, such as wearable devices, energy harvesting, energy storage, and artificial muscles. The floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method allows mass production of CNT fibers. However, the mechanical and electrical properties of the CNTs fabricated using the FCCVD method are inferior to those of the CNT fibers fabricated using other methods, such as wet spinning and spinnable CNT forests. Therefore, suitable methods are required to improve the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of CNT fibers obtained using the FCCVD method. One strategy is infiltration of a polymer into the CNT fiber. In this study, polyethylene glycol was infiltrated into pristine CNT fibers and formed hydrogen bonds with the oxygen present on surface of CNTs from FCCVD method. Solvent evaporation resulted in the formation of dense CNT fibers, which featured more connections among the CNTs. The polymer-incorporated CNT fiber exhibited high toughness, ultimate strength, and electrical conductivity and can thus be employed in various real-life applications.
Roll-to-Roll Oxidative Chemical Vapor Deposition of Highly Conductive and Uniform Thin Films on Large-Scale Textile Substrates
Kurtuluş Yılmaz Mustafa Karaman
A continuous vapor deposition process is demonstrated for organic conductive surface modification of large-area textile substrates. Transparent and conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films were deposited by oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) technique on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics in a roll-to-roll fashion, in which as-deposited PEDOT films had excellent thickness and structural uniformity across very large areas (2 × 250 cm). We designed a continuous vacuum deposition system, in which the feeding and wrapping units of the system were in the open air, thanks to the specially designed fabric feedthroughs in and out of the vacuum system. The pristine fabric was fed into the oCVD vacuum reactor by unreeling from the outside atmosphere, where it was pretreated with oxidant iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) solution. The effect of rolling speed of the fabric on the structure, morphology, uniformity, and electrical conductivities of the as-deposited PEDOT films were studied. FTIR and SEM analyses were carried out to verify the structure and morphology of as-deposited PEDOT films. Uniform and conformal PEDOT films with measurable conductivity were observed independent of the rolling speed. The highest conductivity value of 803.5 S/cm was observed for the films deposited at a rolling speed of 8 cm/min and doped with Cl– ions from a 3.5 wt.% HCI solution.
Influence of Washing Conditions on Microfiber Release and Subsequent UV Degradation: A Focus on Synthetic Textiles
Amin Asadollahi Mona L. Akimoto Habibollah Fakhraei
Microfibers from textiles have emerged as a significant pollutant, and domestic laundry is the primary contributor to microplastic pollution. The combined effects of various laundry parameters on microfiber release have not been thoroughly examined. Additionally, nylon fabric, as a type of synthetic material, and the impact of the laundry ball on microfiber release have not been previously studied. In this research microfiber released from several fabrics: cotton, acrylic, polyester, and nylon, were evaluated under a mix of different washing parameters. The combination of detergent and washing time has the greatest influence in increasing microfiber shedding. The findings show that cotton released the highest number of microfibers, averaging 617.34 ± 85.2 mg/kg per wash, while nylon released the least, with 225.12 ± 30 mg/kg per wash. Using a laundry ball during the washing process significantly increased microfiber release, with microfiber shedding rising from 10 to 60% across various fabrics. When both washing duration and temperature increase simultaneously, duration is the critical factor for MF shedding in cotton, while nylon is more sensitive to changes in temperature. Under the mixed conditions of duration and different detergent types, the results show that the maximum MFs release for all fabrics occurs at a 75-min duration when using a laundry ball. The study also revealed that acrylic fibers exhibit the least degradation under UV light, while nylon and polyester show significant degradation after 150 days of UV exposure.
Fabrication of Prussian Blue Dye/SiO2 Composite Microspheres and Their Structurally Coloration on White Fabrics
Yijian Lu Weihong Gao Xiaoyan Zhao Xinyi Yang Yijiao Sun Shu Yang Binjie Xin
Structural coloration is renowned for its vibrant hues and environmental compatibility; however, it frequently exhibits unsatisfactory chromatic performance on white substrates. To enhance the color saturation of structural colors on white textiles, this study engineered composite structural units by electrostatically adsorbing Prussian blue (PB) dye onto silica (SiO₂) microspheres, forming core–shell architectures with outer dye coatings. Two fabrication approaches—spray coating and gravity sedimentation—were employed to construct structural colors on white polyester fabrics. The results demonstrated that Prussian blue dye/SiO2 composite microspheres (SiO2@PB) enabled vivid structural coloration on white textiles. Notably, the spray-coating method promoted a more ordered and regular arrangement of SiO₂@Prussian blue microspheres across fabric surfaces compared to gravity sedimentation, thereby yielding superior structural color performance. This methodology effectively circumvents the conventional requirement for black substrates, achieving high-contrast structural coloration directly on white textile matrices, while streamlining the textile coloration process. The proposed strategy establishes a viable pathway for improving structural color quality in white textiles, with potential implications for sustainable pigment-free manufacturing.