pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 25, No. 11, Nov. 2024)
Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Containing Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Hydrogel Wound Dressing
Soheila Kashanian Kimia Bakhtiari Soheila Kashanian Rezvan Mohamadinooripoor Khodabakhsh Rashidi Soraya Sajadimajd Kobra Omidfar
In the biomedical field, hydrogels are extensively utilized due to their ability to provide mechanical support and create a moist environment for wounds. In this study, nanocomposite hydrogels containing carboxymethyl chitosan (CsMe), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) in different weight ratios (0, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.2%) were prepared for wound healing. The prepared hydrogels were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the mechanical properties, swelling ratio, MTT assay, antibacterial efficacy, and in vivo wound healing were assessed. MTT assays indicated no toxicity after incorporating ZnO-NPs into the hydrogel, and the maximum antibacterial efficiencies of CsMe/PVA/ZnO-NPs (0.5%) hydrogels against E. coli and S. aureus were 91.85 ± 1.2% and 52.7 ± 0.84%, respectively. In vivo studies demonstrated that the hydrogel containing 0.5% ZnO-NPs significantly accelerated wound healing, with 96 ± 2.41% wound closure after 14 days, compared to 83.5 ± 6.76% for the group treated with commercial ZnO ointment. The results suggest that ZnO-NPs in hydrogels enhance antibacterial activity and promote better wound healing than traditional ZnO ointments, offering a promising material for advanced wound care applications.
Development of Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Strength via Inkjet Printing of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Aramid Nanofibers Membranes
Xiaodong Tan Xiaodong Tan Qingyan Peng Zbigniew Stempień Jana Saskova Mohanapriya Venkataraman Jakub Wiener Jiri Militky
Supercapacitors (SCs), as emerging electrochemical energy storage devices, have garnered widespread attention due to their rapid charge–discharge characteristics and high power density. With the growing demand for electronic devices and the diversification of applications in daily life scenarios, SCs with outstanding flexibility, mechanical and electrochemical performance are becoming increasingly important. In this study, an in situ reduction method was employed, utilizing inkjet printing technology to deposit reduced graphene oxide (rGO) onto the prepared aramid nanofibrous (ANFs)/PVDF/PVA composite film for the fabrication of solid-state SCs. The optimized ANFs/PVDF/PVA composite film exhibited a tensile strength and Young's modulus of 185 N and 760 MPa, respectively. Even in a bent state, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves remained essentially unchanged. At a current density of 0.1 A/g, the specific capacitance and energy density reached 120.9 F/g and 10.8 Wh/kg, respectively, while at a current density of 0.5 A/g, the power density reached 3201 W/kg. After 5000 charge–discharge cycles, the efficiency maintained above 90%. Such exceptional electrochemical and mechanical performance provides more options for the manufacturing of next-generation portable and wearable electronic devices.
Development of Bifunctional Electrospun Filters Incorporating Surfactants for Enhanced Particulate Matter Filtration and Antimicrobial Activity
Vádila Guerra Edilton Nunes da Silva Paulo Augusto Marques Chagas Felipe de Aquino Lima Clovis Wesley Oliveira de Souza Mônica Lopes Aguiar Vádila Giovana Guerra
Ultrafine particulate matter and airborne microorganisms present in the atmosphere significantly affect human health, leading to serious respiratory diseases. Among these particulates are bioaerosols, which include viruses, bacteria, and fungi. When inhaled, these microorganisms can cause diseases, such as influenza, tuberculosis, and COVID-19. Therefore, the development of bifunctional membranes that can simultaneously filter particulate matter (PM) and inhibit microorganism growth is essential. Electrospun filters, known for their high surface area, are effective in capturing these airborne particles. This study presents a novel approach by incorporating various surfactants into electrospun filters made from 8% polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The surfactants used include cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), widely cited in the literature for bactericidal filtering applications, as well as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), which are rarely used in electrospun filters for this purpose. The addition of surfactants enhanced the filter performance, capturing particles smaller than 250 nm with over 99% efficiency for particles between 6.38 and 242 nm. The pressure drop across the filters ranged from 111.4 ± 1.2 to 204.4 ± 1.1 Pa. Moreover, the incorporation of surfactants not only improved hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties-where hydrophobic nanofibers performed better for filtration-but also significantly increased antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (97.25 ± 0.95%) and Escherichia coli (94.52 ± 2.37%). These filters not only capture particles but also inactivate pathogens, contributing to a healthier environment. Filters with biocidal properties are particularly useful in hospitals, laboratories, and other settings where air sterility is critical.
Preparation and Performance Evaluation of Spiropyran-Labeled Fluorescent Chitosan Electrospun Anti-Counterfeiting Nanofibers
Enqi Jin Yunhan Li Shengbin Zhu Enqi Jin Chi Shen Manli Li
With the rapid development of the economy, new imitation methods are keeping emerging and posing a huge challenge to anti-counterfeiting technology. Due to the advantages such as good concealment, high recognizability, water repellency, and dirt resistance, fluorescent fiber has attracted great attention from researchers. To impart good fluorescence to chitosan (CS) for the preparation of anti-counterfeiting fiber, various amounts of fluorescent molecules — carboxyl-containing spiropyran (SP)—were used to label CS to prepare a series of CS–SP with different degrees of labeling (DL). Then, nanofiber membranes were produced by electrospinning using the CS–SP/PVA blend spinning solutions. Effects of the DL on application performance of the CS–SP were studied. It was found that, labeling appropriate amounts of SP units onto CS was an effective way to endow the CS with good fluorescence property. With the increase in the DL of the CS–SP, its fluorescence intensity increased initially, reached the maximum when the DL was 0.499 mol%, and then decreased. At the DL of 0.499 mol%, the CS–SP/PVA nanofiber membrane could emit bright fluorescence, of which the color was able to change dynamically along with the irradiation time of UV light. Meanwhile, the labeling of SP unit would not bring about adverse effects on surface morphology of the electrospun CS–SP/PVA nanofiber membrane. The fluorescent CS–SP nanofibers have overcome many shortcomings of the commonly used fluorescent fibers and shown great application potential in the anti-counterfeiting field.
Preparation of an All-Natural Seaweed Functionalized Lyocell Fiber: A Scalable Approach from Nature to Fabrics
Ting Li Jiayu Zhang Ting Li TianYin Liu Chenxi Zhang Xiaojun Li Chunxiao Yu Zhongkai Xu Genli Wang Chunzu Cheng Jigang Xu
Based on the green and environmentally friendly production process of lyocell fiber, an innovative lyocell fiber was prepared by online-adding seaweed micron particles using a new dispersion procedure. Considering the fiber diameter range of 10–15 μm. To improve the incorporation rate of seaweed powders, the particle size distribution and compatibility of seaweed powders in NMMO were first studied. On comparing the powder size distribution of seaweed particle in different disperse liquid, it was found that seaweed powders are partially soluble in NMMO and weaken the inherent alkaline environment, while the remaining powders swell more significantly with increasing NMMO concentration. Following this protocol, an integrated dispersion process was successfully developed with high seaweed loading in low-concentration NMMO solution. The resultant functionalized seaweed modified lyocell fibers (abbreviated as “SL Fiber”) demonstrated effective loading of seaweed particles, comparable mechanical properties, improved heat resistance and antibacterial properties. Thus, the fibers meet the major requirements for hometextiles, packaging materials, filtration, and other fields. The antibacterial rates of fibers against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans all reached the requirements, inhibiting harmful bacteria growth and preventing mold and odor. To demonstrate the multi-functionality in textile applications, the novel SL fibers were scale produced on production line. The article demonstrated a facile and scalable approach from fiber preparation and yarn spinning to textile weaving applications. These novel materials are natural, recyclable and renewable, which is more in line with the development strategy of green manufacturing and the green cycle of the industrial chain.
Utilization of Waste Cotton Fibers by Extracting Nanocellulose Crystals: A Study on Phosphoric Acid Method Compared with Sulfuric Acid Method and TEMPO Oxidation Method
Lifang Liu Mohan Hou Lifang Wang Qiuyu Xu Xuepeng Zhang Xue Yang Lei Zhang Yun Bai Yanyun Li Lifang Liu
Waste cotton fibers are an ideal raw material for extracting nanocellulose crystals (CNCs), benefitting from their high cellulose content. In this study, the waste cotton fibers from the calendering finishing process were used to extract CNCs by sulfuric acid, TEMPO oxidation, and phosphoric acid methods, aiming to create a new way to reutilize the waste cotton fiber and also to verify the practicability that the phosphoric acid method can replace sulfuric acid and TEMPO oxidation methods. The CNCs obtained from the three methods are all in cellulose I state with an average length of 200-500nm and diameter of 15-20nm, indicating that the waste cotton fiber can extract CNCs. However, the CNCs from the phosphoric acid method showed the highest thermostability but the lowest crystallinity, while the ones from the sulfuric acid and TEMPO oxidation methods had higher crystallinity but lower thermal stability. Overall, the three methods are all acceptable for preparing CNCs, but the phosphoric acid method has more significant potential due to its low cost, environmental friendliness, and safety.
Radial Distribution of Functional Groups in Polyacrylonitrile Pre-oxidized Fibers
Changqing Li Panpan Xu Junxin Tang Yutao Liu Ke Zhang Changqing Li
The functional group distribution and skin–core structure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) pre-oxidized fibers have been evaluated by solid-state 13C-NMR, electron probe micro-analysis, element analysis, nano-infrared spectroscopy atomic force microscopy, and optical microscopy. The pre-oxidized fibers exhibited a skin–core structure with high optical density (OD) values in the skin and low OD values in the core. As the heat treatment temperature was increased, the OD of the pre-oxidized fibers increased, which is because of the formation of C = O, C = N, C = C, and their conjugated structures of C = N with C = C. The difference in the OD values between the pre-oxidized fiber skin and core became increasingly apparent as the heat treatment temperature increased, with the OD difference increasing from 0.045 at 220 °C to 0.085 at 260 °C. The OD difference is closely related to the oxygen element and C = O functional groups in the fiber. The contents of the oxygen element and C = O in the pre-oxidized fiber skin were higher than those in the pre-oxidized fiber core. At a heat treatment temperature of 260 °C, the relative content of C = O in the skin was 0.454, whereas that in the core was 0.313, which was consistent with the trend of the OD value change. In comparison, C = C and C = N formed during pre-oxidation were not substantially distributed in the radial direction of the fibers. The radial inhomogeneity of the pre-oxidized fiber was mainly affected by the radial difference of the carbonyl content.
Improvement of Moisture Transmission Properties of Acrylic–Cotton Blended Fabric Using Calcium Chloride-Based Desiccants: A Novel Approach
Rijon Saha Rijon Saha Md. Abdul Hannan Umera Islam Anamul Hoque Bhuiyan
This research reports the results of a work intended to increase the attributes regarding moisture management of acrylic–cotton-blended single jersey fabrics. In a single-step exhaust method, the blended fabric is treated with 60% calcium chloride-based desiccant at 60 °C for 1 h. The multidirectional liquid transport behavior of treated fabric through properties such as time for wetting, rate of absorbing moisture, maximum radius of wetted area, speed of spreading the test liquid, moisture transport index, and total moisture management capacity is analyzed. The experimental results exhibit improvement in the moisture management property of the treated fabrics from 0 to 0.75. The wettability of the fabric is also enhanced as the water contact angle has reduced from 108.37° to 66.45° after the treatment. Treated samples transport the test liquid across the fabric much more quickly than untreated samples due to fabric–desiccant interaction through a strong hydrogen bond. This is characterized by an FTIR peak at 2341 cm-1 which gets reduced after treatment. The impact of desiccant treatment on physical properties such as color strength, fabric thickness and weight was also analyzed. The desiccant treatment shows durability up to five wash cycles equivalent to 25 home laundering cycles, dictating a great prospect of applying this method in the moisture management of cotton–acrylic-blended textiles. Moreover, the presence of randomly deposited desiccant particles on the blended fabric surface confirmed by SEM is achieved in a single step, emphasizing the versatility of this method.
Surface Modification of Plain-Woven Ramie Fabrics Using Bridged Bis (3-Trimethoxysilylpropyl) Amine Silane for Improved Hydrophobicity
Jiansheng Guo Bewuket Teshome Wagaye Jiansheng Guo Buguang Zhou Can Gao Luc The Nguyen
Conventional silane treatment can increase the hydrophobicity of natural cellulosic fibers. This report employs a combination of alkali and dipodal silane treatments. Bridged bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) amine (BAS), a dipodal silane, was used instead of regular ones to enhance the hydrophobicity of ramie plain-woven fabrics. Before silane application, alkali treatment conditions’ impact on mechanical properties was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The desirability function approach and graphical optimization techniques were employed to find out the optimum condition. The RSM demonstrated that a concentration of 6.11% alkali, a duration of 30 min, and a temperature of 39.10 °C yielded the optimal conditions, resulting in a breaking force of 518.27 N and an elongation of 23.36%. After optimization of parameter, alkali treatment of the fabric was carried out. These alkali-treated fabrics were then bulk-treated with BAS. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array experimental design was applied to identify a variable that has the highest impact on the hydrophobicity. Furthermore, BAS’s impact on water contact angle (WCA), surface morphology, and thermal properties was investigated. Alkali-treated ramie fabrics absorb water due to hemicellulose and lignin removal. However, BAS treatment resulted in a hydrophobic ramie fabric surface, as the combined alkali and BAS-treated fabrics exhibit a WCA greater than 94°, reaching 113.85°. According to thermo-gravimetric analysis, combined alkali and silane treatment improved the degradation temperature of fabrics to 403.25 °C. This improvement is attributed to the formation of six, rather than three, Si–O bonds on the ramie fabric surface.
Surface Activation of Cotton Fabric with Low-Temperature Air Plasma Treatment for Metallic Printing
Danmei Sun Sylvia Owusua Donkor Danmei Sun David Bucknall Jim Buckman
In this investigation, air plasma treatment was utilised to activate the surfaces of 100% grey and bleached cotton fabrics in preparation for metallic pigment printing. The study delved into the surface morphology, wettability, and surface chemistry properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed roughness and grooves in the treated samples. The contact angle witnessed a 29% and 41% increase for grey and bleached fabrics, respectively, compared to their untreated counterparts. Surface chemistry analysis using FTIR and XPS provided crucial insights into the functional polar groups, such as OH and C=O, along with significantly elevated O1 peaks in both plasma-treated grey and bleached cotton fabrics. These findings contributed to the enhanced surface free energy of the fabrics, preparing them for the subsequent pigment printing process. The study explores the impact of plasma treatment on the colour fastness of grey and bleached cotton fabrics printed with gold and silver metallic pigments. Untreated fabrics exhibited poor durability, with low colour change and staining-resistance ratings, particularly for gold pigments. Plasma treatment significantly improved colour retention, adhesion, and resistance to staining for both metallic pigments, with silver outperforming gold. Rubbing fastness tests revealed that plasma treatment moderately enhanced durability, though gold remained susceptible to friction damage. Light fastness was excellent for both pigments, and plasma treatment further improved performance. Perspiration tests showed that plasma treatment bolstered resistance, particularly for gold. These findings suggest that plasma treatment enhances the stability of metallic pigments, offering potential applications in the textile industry for improved product quality and durability.