pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.

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Latest Publication   (Vol. 25, No. 11, Nov.  2024)

Activated Carbon/Polyaniline Composite for Azo Dye Adsorption: Kinetics, Equilibrium, Thermodynamics, and Statistical Physics Interpretations
Noureddine Barka  Hind Hajjaoui  Amal Soufi  Mohamed Abdennouri  Aicha Machrouhi  Abdelhakim Elmouwahidi  Maymounah N. Alharthi  Noureddine Barka
Activated carbon (Ac) prepared from Thapsia transtagana was combined with a different ratio of aniline to synthesize Ac/PAni composites. Various characterization techniques, such as XRD, FESEM-EDX, TEM, and ATR-FTIR, were conducted to confirm the structure, surface morphology, and chemical characteristics of the composites. The materials were tested for eriochrome black T (EBT) adsorption. Batch results exposed that the Ac/PAni6 with the highest ratio of aniline displays the highest EBT removal efficiency. The kinetics of EBT adsorption over the Ac/PAni6 composite followed the Elovich model, and the equilibrium data suited the Redlich–Peterson and Toth isotherm models. The adsorption was spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. The statistical physics equations have also been investigated. Four models have been proposed as one layer and two layers with one and two energies. The adsorption of EBT on the Ac/PAni6 composite correlated to the one layer two energies model. The statistical physical parameters, including the number of adsorbed molecules per site (n1, n2), the receptor sites density (N1M, N2M), the adsorption capacity at saturation (Q1, Q2), and the energy of adsorption (Ea, E2) have all been considered. The total capacity at saturation is enhanced with temperature, which approves the endothermic nature of the process. The interpretation of the calculated energies E1 and E2 (< 40 kJ/mol) suggested that the EBT interaction with the Ac/PAni6 surface was mainly a physisorption process.
Comparison of infrared-, ultrasonic-, and microwave-assisted mordanting methods for the natural dyeing properties of hemp fabrics
Penwisa Pisitsak  Seranee Srisuk  Thipparat Intarat  Natchaporn Damkham  Penwisa Pisitsak
This study examined the natural dyeing properties of hemp fabrics using a mixed mordant consisting of aluminum potassium sulfate (10 and 20 g/L) and tannic acid (5 and 10 g/L). The natural dye was derived from jackfruit wood (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and then processed into a powder via spray drying. The fabrics were dyed using 10% owf dye, at a pH of 5, temperature of 80 °C, for 50 min, with a liquor ratio (L:R) of 1:30. Prior to dyeing, mordanting was applied to improve dye uptake. The mordanting process compared three distinct heating techniques: infrared heating (IRH), ultrasonic heating (USH), and microwave heating (MWH). The X-ray diffraction results showed that MWH was the only heating technique that maintained the crystallinity index (CI) of the fibers. However, it produced slightly lower color strength (K/S of 1.01 ± 0.01) compared to IRH (K/S of 1.36 ± 0.04) and USH (K/S of 1.32 ± 0.04). IRH exhibited the most significant reduction in the CI, followed by USH. The sample treated with IRH had the highest aluminum content (0.88 ± 0.02%), whereas the MWH-treated sample had the lowest (0.75 ± 0.02%), which is consistent with the results concerning CI and K/S. The ratings for color fastness to washing, light, and rubbing were generally favorable. Mordanting enhanced both the color fastness and the color strength of the fabric, but it did not affect the tensile properties of the fabrics. Mordanting and dyeing slightly enhanced the ultraviolet protection efficiency of the fabrics. However, all samples, including the pristine hemp fabric, provided excellent protection against ultraviolet radiation.
Free Vibrations of Three-Dimensional Woven Composite Made of Aramid Glass, Epoxy Graphite and Epoxy Carbon Fibers
Hossein Rahmani  Ehsan Keykha  Hossein Rahmani  Hossein Moeinkhah
Nowadays, composite materials are widely used in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and military sectors. In many of these applications, there is a need to understand the dynamic and vibrational responses due to changes in different parameters for a more precise structural analysis. This study examines the impact of varying fiber types under different boundary conditions on the natural frequency of a three-dimensional woven composite rectangular plate. For this purpose, the Ritz theory has been used to calculate the system’s natural frequency, and to validate the results, the current analysis method has been compared with previous research findings and results from finite element software simulations. The results obtained from the analytical solution and finite element simulation correlate well.
The Effect of Structural Integrity and Geometric Configurations of Corrugated Cores on Flexural Properties of Sandwich Panels: Experimental and Numerical Method
Hossein Hasani  Hamid Abedzade Atar  Mohammad Zarrebini  Jalil Rezaeepazhand  Hossein Hasani
This research explores how the structural integrity and geometric configurations of corrugated cores impact the bending characteristics of sandwich panels. The 3-D knitted fabrics were produced on a flat knitting machine to form an integrated structure, while the non-integrated structure was manufactured by conventional 2-D fabrics in the identical parameters. The bonding of the core to the skin in the non-integrated structure was achieved by resin. The both integrated and non-integrated structures were fabricated with nearly identical mass and epoxy resin was injected through a vacuum assisted resin transfer method. The integrated 3D composite structures were manufactured in three distinct corrugated core designs: rectangular, hat-type, and triangular. The bending characteristics of the produced structures were measured in the transverse direction of corrugation by 3-point bending process. The results indicated that under equivalent load conditions for long beams, the 3D integrated structure displayed reduced bending deflections and enhanced bending stiffness compared to the non-integrated structure. Moreover, the non-integrated exhibited higher transverse shear rigidity than the integrated structure. It was also found that in long beams, the load-carrying capacity of the integrated structure is higher than that of the non-integrated structure. This comparison demonstrates some advantages of 3-D fabric as a sandwich panel reinforcement compared to lamination of 2-D fabric. Also, experimental results demonstrated that core geometry cannot significantly influence the flexural stiffness of the corrugated core sandwich panels. Finally, results demonstrated that the highest and the lowest transverse shear rigidity can be associated with the hat-type core sandwich panels and the triangular core sandwich panels, respectively. So, the hat-type corrugated core sandwich panel has the lowest deflection against bending force. Lastly, the experimental findings were evaluated against those from finite element analysis and showed a good correlation between experimental and numerical results.
Load-Bearing and Machining Behavior of Treated Nano-sorghum-Millet-Husk-Biosilica- and Kenaf-Fiber-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite
G Ananth  G Ananth  S Thirugnanam  Srinivasan Rajaram
This study investigates the mechanical properties of composites focusing on tensile, flexural, compression strength, Izod impact toughness, hardness, fatigue life, creep resistance, and drilling behavior. The approach involves extracting nano-biosilica from sorghum husk and infusing it with silane-treated kenaf fiber under temperature aging conditions to enhance composite materials’ properties. The reinforcement consists of kenaf fibers (34.2–43.2 µm in diameter) and nano-biosilica prepared from sorghum millet husk via a thermochemical method. Silane treatment enhances the adhesive bonding between the matrix (vinyl ester resin and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide in a 10:1 ratio) and reinforcing agents. Composite fabrication employs a hand layup method with varying concentrations of biosilica (1 vol. %, 3 vol. %, and 5 vol. %) and kenaf fiber. Notably, specimens N2 and M2 exhibited superior performance, with N2 achieving tensile strength of 101 MPa, flexural strength of 123 MPa, compression strength of 159.9 MPa, Izod impact toughness of 4.9 kJ/m2, and hardness of 98 Shore-D. Even after undergoing aging at 40 °C and 70% humidity for 30 days, M2 demonstrated remarkable durability to the silane treatment of both fiber and filler with tensile strength of 85 MPa, flexural strength of 117 MPa, compression strength of 143 MPa, Izod impact toughness of 4.2 kJ/m2, and hardness of 95 Shore-D. SEM analysis revealed uniform dispersion of filler particles in N2 and M2, highlighting the effectiveness of the silane treatment in enhancing microstructural characteristics and durability. This research underscores the potential of silane-treated kenaf-fiber- and nano-biosilica-reinforced vinyl ester composites for applications requiring enhanced mechanical properties and durability.
Mechanical Performance of Intralayer Hybrid 3D Woven Honeycomb Core for Lightweight Structural Composites
Omender Singh  Omender Singh  B. K. Behera
In weight-sensitive applications, the widespread use of honeycomb composites underscores the significance of enhancing their specific strength and energy absorption capacity. In this pursuit, various hybrid honeycomb structures have been developed, with a particular focus on their cell wall buckling behaviour. This study involved testing six different specimen types, incorporating intralayer hybridization with materials namely, Kevlar, Glass, Dyneema, Sisal, Hemp, and Jute. The incorporation of the intralayer hybrid technique examined various aspects of honeycomb structures, leading to improvements in mechanical performance. In addition, the effects of specific energy absorption and crush force efficiency on the compressive and flexural strength were investigated. Among all the samples, the honeycomb core with a height of 15 mm demonstrated the highest compressive strength and specific energy absorption values. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effects of intralayer hybridization, emphasizing the potential for utilizing natural alternatives such as sisal, hemp, and jute, which may offer pronounced advantages in impact stress propagation within hybrid composites.
Enhancement of Impact, Shear and Wear Performance of Glass Fiber/Epoxy Composites by Inclusion of Polycarbonate Sheets
M. Megahed  Amr Seif  Samy F. Mahmoud  M. Megahed
The key objective of this study is to fabricate an unconventional composite structure with outstanding impact performance, low weight, low cost, and better wear resistance. Utilizing a hand lay-up procedure, epoxy composites reinforced with glass fibers (G) and polycarbonate (PC) sheets were fabricated. Neat glass (NG) and three distinct hybrid PC composites were produced by altering the position of the PC sheets. The flat and edgewise impact, in-plane shear strength, and wear behavior of hybrid composites were studied to assess their performance and compatibility for various industrial applications. Morphological investigations of the fractured surfaces were conducted with a digital microscope. The results showed that hybrid PC specimens enhanced flat and edge-wise impact performance by an average of 100.9%. Impact strength values are significantly affected by the arrangement pattern. The presence of PC in the outer and core composite laminates improved shear strength by 15.09% and 14.85%, respectively. The hybrid composites produced smooth and free-of-damage worn surfaces, resulting in a significant reduction in the specific wear rate of 40.4%.
On the Influence of Different Infill Pattern Structures on the Crashworthiness Performance of 3D Printed Tubes Subjected to Lateral Loading Condition
Mahmoud Awd Allah  Mahmoud M. Awd Allah  Mohamed A. Abbas  Ali Saeed Almuflih  Samy F. Mahmoud  Marwa A. Abd El-baky
The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of different infill pattern structures on the deformation behavior and crashworthiness performance of 3D-printed tubes under quasi-static lateral compression loading. Subsequently, polylacticacid (PLA) was utilized in the 3D printing process to create the proposed tubes. Five distinct infill pattern structures were fabricated: circular, square, triangular, zig-zag, and cross patterns, each designed with a consistent infill density of 50%. Following that, quasi-static lateral compression loading was applied to the printed structure. The failure histories were tracked, and the crashing load and energy absorbed versus displacement responses were provided for the tested tubes. Several indications were measured to conduct the crashworthiness examination, i.e., the initial peak load ( Fip ), total absorbed energy (AE), and specific energy absorption (SEA). Furthermore, the complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method, was employed to identify the optimal infill pattern for maximizing crashworthiness performance. The analysis showed that the zig-zag infill pattern with 2.13 kN, 62.52 J, and 2.90 J/g, respectively, for Fip , AE, and SEA, showed the maximum performance in energy absorption among the investigated patterns, according to the COPRAS analysis.
Poly(l-lactide)/poly(d-lactide)/bamboo fiber (BF) bio-composites with enhanced heat resistance, mechanical and rheological performance
Changyu Han  Yi Li  Haopeng Wang  Hongda Cheng  Ye Zhang  Huan Wang  Changyu Han
Natural-fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a simple and effective method to improve properties with retaining the fully biodegradability and eco-friendliness. Herein, we prepared the poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA)/poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA)/bamboo fiber (BF) bio-composites through melt compounding. The stereocomplex PLA (SC-PLA) was formed during the melt blending. The SC-PLA crystals combined with BFs in the PLLA/PDLA/BF bio-composites had synergistic effects that could enhance crystallization rate, rheological and mechanical properties, and heat resistance. The results showed that the SC-PLA crystals drastically increased the nucleation density and accelerated the crystallization process of the bio-composites. The rheological properties of the bio-composites were obviously enhanced by the incorporation of BFs and PDLA. Mechanical properties of the bio-composites were increased compared to neat PLLA. The bio-composite with 10 wt% PDLA showed tensile strength of 72.4 MPa, and Young’s modulus of 2855 MPa, which were 9.4% and 18% higher than those of neat PLLA, respectively. Moreover, Vicat softening temperature (VST) of the bio-composites was about 90 °C higher than that of neat PLLA. Overall, this work provides an interesting strategy of fabrication of the BFs reinforced PLA composites with controllable properties.
A Study on the Moisture Management Properties of Banana/Bamboo Blended Fabrics
K. Saravanan  D. Satheeshkumar  K. Saravanan  C. Prakash
This research study investigates the moisture management properties of woven fabrics produced from banana and bamboo fibers. The moisture management characteristics of three different fabric structures, namely plain, twill, and satin weaves, were examined using varying proportions of bamboo and banana fibers. Results revealed that an increase in the proportion of bamboo fibers led to enhanced maximum wetted radius, spreading speed, AOTI, and OMMC. Furthermore, fabric structure played a significant role in moisture management performance, with satin weave fabric demonstrating excellent moisture management behavior and twill weave fabric exhibiting the least favorable moisture management properties.