pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 27, No. 2, Feb. 2026)
In-Situ Regeneration of Cellulose on PBO-AS Fiber Surface to Enhance Its Interfacial Property in Epoxy Resin
Mengya Wang Peng Zhu Fangtao Ruan Huapeng Zhang
Due to the smooth and chemically inert surface of poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers, leading to poor interfacial properties in epoxy resin, which severely limits their applications in composite materials. The vast majority of research on PBO fiber interfaces is focused on PBO-HM type, while there is little research on PBO-AS type. Here, a modification strategy of in-situ regeneration of cellulose on PBO-AS fiber surface to enhance its interfacial properties in epoxy resin was proposed for the first time. First, PBO-AS fibers were oxidized and then underwent acyl chlorination, followed by chemical bonding with cellulose molecules. Second, cellulose molecules were in-situ regenerated on the fiber surface in different regeneration solvents. The results show that cellulose molecules were successfully in-situ regenerated on the fiber surface. Due to the physical and chemical properties of PBO-AS itself, the modification process inevitably damaged its mechanical properties, especially the oxidation process. In addition, the oxidation step slightly enhanced its interfacial strength in epoxy resin, while the rougher surface formed by cellulose regeneration was the main reason for the improvement of interfacial performance; the IFSS increased by 38.87% compared with untreated ones.
Dynamic Analysis of MRE Sandwich Beam with Woven Jute/Epoxy Skins: An Experimental and Numerical Approach
Mugundhan Jaysankar Venkatachalam Gopalan Vimalanand Suthenthira Veerappa Edwin Sudhagar P. Anandhan Venugopal
An environmentally sustainable composite with good structural characteristics must be an alternative to the synthetic composite. Composite structures that are supportive to active/semi-active vibration control systems get usage in various aerospace, military, and automotive applications. This work attempts to develop an environmentally friendly composite and investigate its fundamental feasibility to consider as a semi-active vibration control system. In this work, the experimental and numerical investigations on the natural frequencies of a sandwich beam made of Woven Jute/Epoxy (WJE) skin and a Magneto-Rheological Elastomer (MRE) core are carried out at different magnetic fields under various boundary conditions. The experimentally determined natural frequencies are used to validate the natural frequencies obtained through the developed Finite Element (FE) model. Further, the validated FE model is used to investigate the variations of natural frequencies of the sandwich beam by considering various parameters such as the concentration of Carbonyl Iron Particle (CIP), magnetic field intensity, number of plies, ply orientation, and ply stacking sequence of skin and core-skin thickness ratios under the various boundary conditions. The study reveals that the presence of 50% CIP concentrated MRE sandwich beam exhibits higher natural frequencies than those of others. The increase in MRE core thickness results in better damping in spite of the increase in natural frequencies at fundamental modes. In addition, it is concluded that the magnetic permeability of WJE laminated composites does not play a significant role like the synthetic fiber composites. Even the skin’s ply sequence, ply orientation, and the volume fraction of fiber influence the natural frequencies through variation in its structural stiffness, but the fiber’s magnetic permeability does not contribute to it. This work makes the natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite structures an alternative to synthetic composite structures and allows them to evolve into an active or semi-active control system in the future.
Copper-Doped Barium Titanate-Reinforced PVDF–HFP Nanocomposites for Next-Generation Energy Harvesting Devices
R. Gowdaman A. Deepa
The development of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) with enhanced performance, stability, and durability is crucial for the development of portable and autonomous electronic devices. In this study, flexible nanocomposite films were fabricated via electrospinning, combining a polyvinylidene fluoride–co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF–HFP) polymer matrix with copper-doped barium titanate (CBT) nanoparticles at loadings ranging from 1 wt% to 16 wt%. The incorporation of CBT nanoparticles significantly increased the β-phase content and improved the dielectric properties of the film. The piezoelectric response was evaluated by finger tapping, and the pristine PVDF–HFP film generated an open-circuit voltage of 1 V and a current of 0.22 µA. With increasing CBT content, the dielectric constant increased from 12 to 67 at room temperature, and the maximum output voltage and current reached 2.56 V and 0.63 µA for the 16 wt% CBT nanocomposites. These findings demonstrate that PVDF–HFP/CBT nanocomposites exhibit superior piezoelectric performance compared to pure PVDF–HFP, highlighting their potential for lead-free energy harvesting and self-powered Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications.
Effect of Diamine Isomerism on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of TGAP Epoxy Systems: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Approach
Hei Je Jeong Woong Kwon Hyejin Lee Jiyeon Cheon Daeun Kim Eunhye Lee Hyeon Ung Kim Sung Hyun Kwon Euigyung Jeong Seung Geol Lee
Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the thermomechanical behavior of epoxy networks based on triglycidyl p–aminophenol (TGAP) cured with two positional isomers of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), 3,3′–DDS and 4,4′–DDS. Thermal analysis revealed that the 4,4′–DDS system exhibited a higher glass transition temperature (533.35 K) and lower coefficient of linear thermal expansion (49.4 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻1), while the 3,3′–DDS system showed a lower Tg (506.55 K) and higher CLTE (52.7 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻1). Conversely, the 3,3′–DDS system exhibited a higher Young’s modulus of 4.05 GPa, compared to 3.87 GPa for the 4,4′–DDS system. To better understand these differences, analyses of fractional free volume, cohesive energy density (CED), and two types of molecular motions were performed, with molecular mobility measured via mean square displacement (MSD) reflecting overall translational dynamics, and segmental dynamics such as ring rotations capturing localized flexibility. The 3,3′–DDS displayed a lower fractional free volume and higher CED, indicating a more tightly packed network contributing to its greater mechanical stiffness. In contrast, the para–substituted geometry of the 4,4′–DDS system enabled localized molecular motions, which may enhance thermal adaptability and contribute to its higher thermal performance. These findings suggest that even subtle geometric differences in curing agents can influence molecular dynamics and the macroscopic performance of epoxy networks, providing useful insight for the design of materials tailored to specific engineering requirements.
Optimization of Hot Roller Compaction Process Parameters and Microstructure Control Mechanism for 3D-Printed Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Yuzhu Kang Jiye Li Yuanbo Fang Jiang Liu
This study systematically investigates the effects of hot roller compaction process parameters (temperature, pressure, speed) on the mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D-printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites (continuous FRPs). Through comparative and orthogonal experiments combined with SEM characterization, two quantitative models were established to elucidate the underlying mechanisms: (1) a Weibull porosity–tensile strength probabilistic model demonstrating that reduced porosity (from 6.2 to 1.1%) contributes to a 11.5% strength enhancement, and (2) a modified Halpin–Tsai fiber orientation-equivalent modulus model showing improved fiber alignment (from 18.3° to 5.2° standard deviation) increases modulus by 23%. The synergistic optimization of these mechanisms through roller compaction (1 kg, 190 °C, 7 mm/s) achieved a 37% strength improvement (2410.2 N) beyond fiber reinforcement alone, while simultaneously reducing porosity and enhancing fiber orientation. These models provide fundamental insights into the microstructure–property relationships and establish an optimized parameter window for high-performance continuous FRP additive manufacturing. The findings offer both theoretical guidance and practical solutions for improving the mechanical performance of 3D-printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites.
Effects of Graphene Oxide–Attapulgite Ratios on Bending and Shape Memory Properties of Basalt Composites Fabricated by VIHPS
Xinran Liu Yuqin Ma Chengshan Li Yuyang Zhang Yanni Shi Guochao Song
This study investigates the role of graphene oxide (GO)–attapulgite (ATT) hybrid fillers in optimizing the mechanical and shape memory properties of basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced epoxy composites. Composites with varying GO:ATT ratios (1:0 to 1:14) were fabricated via vacuum infiltration hot pressing system (VIHPS), and their microstructure, porosity, density, flexural strength, and shape memory performance were systematically characterized. Key findings reveal that a GO:ATT ratio of 1:9 delivers optimal performance. Mechanical properties: flexural strength peaks at 505.94 MPa (28.92% enhancement over GO-only composites), attributed to ATT-induced interfacial roughness and improved resin infiltration; Shape memory behavior: ATT addition elevates shape recovery rate by 4.28%, recovery force by 36.77%, and accelerates recovery kinetics, while slightly reducing shape fixation. Microstructural analysis demonstrates that ATT nanofillers: bridge gaps between GO and BF, enhancing resin flow and reducing voids; increase GO surface roughness, strengthening interfacial friction and bonding. However, excessive ATT triggers aggregation, impairing resin penetration and degrading performance. These results provide actionable insights for designing high-performance shape memory composites through nanofiller hybridization, balancing interfacial engineering and processability.
Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Chloroprene–Aramid Fiber Composites via ZnO Surface Modification
Gayeon Jeong Garam Park Hyeri Kim Myeongchan Choi Jaseung Koo
In this study, composite sheets with enhanced tensile properties and thermal stability were fabricated by combining aramid and chloroprene rubber to explore their synergistic effects. Aramid materials, well known for their heat resistance, chemical stability, dimensional stability, and mechanical durability, were selected in two structural forms: Technora®-based aramid nanofibers and nonwoven fabrics. These materials offer high-strength-to-weight ratios and excellent thermal endurance, making them suitable for high-performance composite reinforcement. To enhance compatibility with the rubber matrix and promote interfacial bonding, the aramid surfaces were modified by coating them with zinc oxide nanoparticles through a simple surface treatment process. Chloroprene rubber, prepared in both solid-chip and molten forms, was used as the matrix for composites reinforced with short fibers and nonwoven fiber fabrics. The tensile strength of a sheet composite made from chip-shaped rubber and ZnO-modified copolymerized aramid nanofibers increased from 9.8 MPa (cross-linked chloroprene rubber) to 13.36 MPa. Moreover, the tensile strength of composite sheets fabricated from rubber melts and ZnO-modified copolymerized aramid nonwoven fabrics improved from 30.4 MPa (unmodified copolymerized aramid nonwoven fabric) to 48.1 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed excellent thermal stability, with 75.4% residual weight retained at 500 °C, indicating that the composite structure was thermally robust and resistant to decomposition under elevated temperatures.
Coupled Dimensional Energy Balance and Machine Learning Validation for Ballistic Response Prediction of Fiber Composites
Bertan Beylergil Hasan Ulus Mehmet Yildiz
In this study, we present a coupled, dimensional energy-balance model enhanced with machine-learning validation to predict residual-velocity curves and ballistic limits of fiber-reinforced composites. Projectile deceleration is described as a three-term balance involving strength-like, drag-like, and inertial effects, mapped to the nondimensional groups Π₀, Π₁, and Π₂; closed-form and RK4 solutions yield residual velocity and regime boundaries (Π₀ = Π₁, Π₁ = Π₂). Validation against six literature datasets (CFRP and aramid laminates; Vr–V0 curves) shows high accuracy: median R2 = 0.93–0.96 and typical RMSE = 10–30 m·s⁻1, with best case R2 = 0.976 and RMSE = 6.99 m·s⁻1 for thin CFRP. Ballistic-limit predictions accurately capture the nonlinear increase with thickness, with errors less than 1 m·s⁻1 in brittle CFRP and up to 10 m·s⁻1 in Kevlar laminates. A global master curve of wr = Vr/V0 versus ∥Π∥2 collapses all data and shows a consistent trend. Energy-budget analysis quantifies the contributions of the three terms: the strength term Π₀ dominates in about 90% of operational points, while drag-like effects are minimal and inertial effects only appear at thick or high-velocity limits; the dominance fractions and combined contributions support these shifts. The (V₀, h) regime map, derived by setting Π₀ = Π₁ and Π₁ = Π₂, separates design-relevant domains and aligns with observed transitions in Vr–V0 modes and slopes. An independent machine-learning check using Random Forests achieves R2 = 0.992, RMSE = 17.5 m·s⁻1, and MAE = 12.4 m·s⁻1 (fivefold cross-validation: R2 = 0.835 ± 0.145), supporting the mechanistic hierarchy through feature importance. The integrated physics-based model and machine-learning analysis provide traceable parameters (α, β, γ), uncertainty bounds, and practical screening maps for composite and geometric options under high-velocity impact.
Simulation of Hybrid Radial Braiding Process for Composite Pressure Vessels
Yoojeong Lee Sungmin Kim
Composite pressure vessels (CPVs) for hydrogen vehicles require irregular geometries with variable curvatures to maximize space utilization, presenting significant manufacturing challenges. Traditional filament winding excels in directional reinforcement but struggles with complex shapes, while conventional 3D braiding faces limitations in axial yarn tension and directional reinforcement at 0° and 90°. This study presents the first process simulator that integrates hybrid radial braiding and filament winding- a manufacturing approach that combines radial braiding's capability for three-dimensional complex preforms and filament winding's superior directional reinforcement. Unlike computationally intensive finite-element analysis-based simulations or single-process platforms, the developed kinematic simulator enables rapid prediction of critical manufacturing parameters, including yarn consumption, processing time, preform geometry, and cover factor through an intuitive graphical user interface. The simulator features real-time three-dimensional animation that visualizes the braiding process, facilitating understanding for users without specialized knowledge. Experimental validation across seven operating conditions demonstrated strong correlation between simulated and measured braid angles (r = 0.94, R2 = 0.89) with a mean absolute error of 6.40°, confirming the simulator's reliability for design-stage manufacturing predictions.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modelling of Random Fibrous Networks
Mehmet N. Balci Yasasween Hewavidana Emrah Demirci
Fibrous networks can be found in both natural and artificial systems. This study puts forward an efficient and accurate numerical method which is useful to model fibrous networks in three-dimensional (3D) space. Mathematical modelling of fibres presents a solid way to show the fibre paths. This research focuses on mathematical modelling of fibres in the random fibrous networks called nonwovens as they are one of the most challenging form of fibrous networks to model due to their complex and random microstructure. Reconstructed 3D images of random fibrous structures acquired with X-ray micro-CT system allowed to model them mathematically in the 3D voxel domain. Fibrous structures were modelled with control points using Bezier polynomial functions, which are useful to interpret the geometry of the fibrous networks in 3D. For more accuracy, fibres were modelled from one intersection point to another. Benefits of developing mathematical models of these random fibrous structures were discussed.