pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 26, No. 12, Dec. 2025)
Synergistically Enhanced Antistatic and Durability in Polyester Fabrics via Modified Nano-carbon Black/Polyacrylate Antistatic Coatings
Tong An XinYa Wang Xu Wang FangZhou Zhang YuQing Peng AiJun Li LiQi Liu
To address limitations of conventional anti-static treatments-high cost, complex processing, and poor durability-this study developed a polyacrylate anti-static coating using KH-570 modified nano-carbon black. Leveraging the material’s high surface area, conductivity, and chemical stability, modified carbon black was incorporated into the coating and applied to polyester fabric. Results demonstrate that fabric treated with 1.0 g modified carbon black achieved surface resistance of (7.1 ± 0.6) × 106 Ω (n=6), enhancing anti-static performance by two orders of magnitude versus untreated fabric and meeting anti-static standards. After washing, resistance remained at (2.0 ± 1.2) × 10⁹ Ω (n = 6), confirming excellent washing durability. The coating minimally affected mechanical properties: tensile strength retained ≈637 N (warp) and ≈425 N (weft), with no significant change compared to untreated fabric. This work provides a novel approach for developing efficient, durable anti-static textiles with strong market potential.
Investigating the Effect of Cellulase Enzyme on the Physical and Environmental Properties of Recycled Cotton Containing Fabrics
Zümrüt Bahadır Ünal Derya Tama Birkocak Eda Acar Sema Bahar Erdem Nurdan Büyükkamacı Ebru Bozacı
This study investigates the impact of enzymatic treatment on the physical, comfort, and environmental performance of fabrics containing recycled cotton fibers. Single jersey fabrics with varying blends of virgin and recycled cotton were treated with two types of commercial cellulase enzymes (acidic and neutral) and tested for properties such as mass per unit area, thickness, air permeability, pilling resistance, bursting strength, and thermal behavior. In addition, a life cycle analysis (LCA) was conducted to assess the environmental implications of using recycled cotton fabrics. The impact assessment was performed using GaBi software and the CML 2001 impact assessment methodology. The findings revealed that enzymatic treatment caused dimensional changes, including increased fabric weight and thickness, which improved thermal resistance and reduced pilling. However, the treatment did not significantly affect the overall structural strength of the fabrics. The LCA results highlighted that while the use of recycled cotton fibers significantly reduces eutrophication and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts by up to 62% and 95%, respectively, the energy-intensive mechanical recycling process substantially increases global warming potential. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, in recycling processes could lower carbon emissions by approximately 33%. The study highlights the potential of enzymatic treatment to enhance the performance of recycled cotton fabrics, supporting more sustainable textile production.
Eco-friendly Dyeing Optimization of Wool and Polyamide Fabrics with Ground Coffee Pomace: a Box-Behnken Design Approach
Faouzi Khedher Boubaker Jaouachi
This study explores the eco-friendly use of ground coffee pomace, an abundant biomass, as a natural dye source for wool and polyamide fabrics. Dyeing performance was evaluated under varying pH, time, and temperature conditions. The results show that acidic conditions (particularly pH 3), elevated temperatures (up to 100 °C), and extended dyeing times (up to 60 min) significantly enhance color yield (K/S values) and deepen fabric shades. The results underscore that ground coffee pomace, a byproduct rich in polyphenolic compounds, represents a viable and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic dyes. Its natural dyeing properties offer significant potential for integration into eco-conscious textile manufacturing processes, aligning with the principles of circular economy and green innovation. Using a Box–Behnken design approach, the study achieved a high coefficient of determination (R2 ≈ 0.98) for the K/S models developed for wool and polyamide substrates. These results demonstrate the models' strong predictive capability for new dyeing datasets.
Dyeing and Computer-Aided Color Matching (CCM) by Reactive Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with Biodegradable Secondary Ethoxylated Alcohol (SAE) Non-ionic Surfactant-Based Reverse Micelles in Non-aqueous Alkane Solvent Medium
Yiu Lun Alan Tang Ho Shing John Law Cheng Hao Lee Yanming Wang Chi-Wai Kan
This study investigates the dyeing, computer-aided color matching (CCM), fastness, tensile and surface properties of cotton samples dyed in non-aqueous medium of alkane solvents, including heptane, octane and nonane with the use of biodegradable secondary alcohol ethoxylates (SAE) surfactant-based reverse micelles. Experimental results show that color yield of alkane solvent-dyed batch and standard samples can be 4.7–123.5% and 73.1–91.8% higher than the water-dyed batch and standard samples, respectively. Calibration curves are almost linear in structure and the actual CCM results show less than 30% and 33% difference from the theoretical concentration for aqueous and non-aqueous dyeing, respectively. Reflectance curves are identical in shape. Both samples show good to excellent color evenness, washing, crocking and light fastness and distinctive CIE L*a*b* values, guaranteeing the color quality of the dyed samples. Good tensile and surface properties of the dyed samples were verified by the AATCC test method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). More than 97% of the alkane solvents can be effectively recovered via simple distillation method. These validate that the use of SAE surfactant-based reverse micelles for dyeing of cotton fabric in alkane non-aqueous medium is potentially applicable for industrial computer-aided color matching with good dyeing properties and color quality comparable to fabrics dyed in conventional water-based system.
DFT Elucidation of Acid Dyeing Mechanisms in Wool and Polyamide Fibers
Maha Abdelileh Syrine Boussadia Marwa Souissi Hatem Dhaouadi
In this study, Density Functional Theory (DFT) was employed for the first time to predict the dyeing performance of natural protein and synthetic fibers using Acid Orange 67 dye (AO67). Dyeing experiments were conducted on wool and polyamide (PA6-6) fibers, and the dyeing performance was evaluated by measuring color strength of the dyed samples, color difference (ΔE*), and chroma difference (ΔC*) following washing tests. Using DFT calculations with the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set within the Gaussian 09 framework, we optimized the geometry of dye–fiber dimers and calculated relevant chemical descriptors. Dipole moment and electrophilicity index (ω) revealed stronger intermolecular interactions and greater electrophilicity for the AO67-PA6-6 dimer compared to AO67-CYS. Interaction energy calculations further validated the superior dyeability and color retention of polyamide over wool. Additionally, infrared (IR) spectra of the fibers were experimentally determined and compared with theoretical predictions, showing strong agreement. These findings prove the efficiency of DFT in accurately predicting the dyeability of textile fibers with acid dyes. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms of dye–fiber interaction, opening up new horizons in textile dyeing research and technology.
Olive Mill Wastewater: A Sustainable Path for UV Protection, Dye Bath Reuse, and Eco-friendly Textiles
Sabri Can Tuz Aslı Demir Murat Elibol
One of the waste products of olive oil extraction is olive mill wastewater (OMW). The organic chemicals of OMW could cause harm to the environment. However, it also contains compounds that have important biological functions. Consequently, there are sometimes environmental risks associated with disposing of olive mill wastewater. However, most of the recent research has focused on finding ways to utilize this effluent in various industrial and environmental contexts. Using different surface treatment procedures, this study explored the possibility of using OMW as an alternative to conventional, environmentally harmful textile dyeing processes. The color strength and fastness, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), life cycle assessment (LCA), and ultraviolet light protection factor (UPF) tests were conducted. The reusability of the dye bath was another factor this study assessed. The results show that OMW-dyed wool fabrics protect against UV rays and allow for efficient dyeing, making it a greener alternative to conventional dyes. Furthermore, by recycling dye baths, we can lessen our impact on the environment and save resources. This study suggests a novel and comprehensive method for exploiting olive mill wastewater (OMW) by substituting it not only as a natural dye source but also as a practical and environmentally suitable replacement. By employing green surface treatments involving plasma, chitosan, and enzymatic procedures, the method reduces environmental impact, makes it easier to reuse the dye bath, and provides improved UV protection.
The Effect of Different Mordants on Silk and Cotton Fabric Dyed with Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) Seed Pods by Using the Exhaust Method
Shaima Islam Shahidur Rahman Badhon C. Mazumder Arif Al Mohin Iftekhar Islam Ashraful Hoque
The majority of synthetic dyes utilized in the textile sector are carcinogenic, non-biodegradable, and seriously detrimental to the environment. Natural dyes have gained a lot of attention lately as a way to avoid the environmental problems that come with synthetic colorants. This study investigates the dyeing performance of mahogany seed pod extract on cotton and silk fabrics using the exhaust dyeing method, with a focus on the effects of different mordants. The dye solution, extracted at pH 5 using acid boiling, was applied in an acidic medium (pH 3.5–5). Reflectance spectrophotometry was used to assess color strength (K/S) and CIE Lab values, along with wash, perspiration, and light fastness tests. The silk samples demonstrated superior dye uptake and fastness properties compared to cotton. The highest K/S value of 8.83 was observed on silk when a combination of copper sulfate and tannic acid was used, while the best result for cotton (K/S 1.48) was achieved using combined tannic acid and ferrous sulfate. Notably, samples dyed with ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate displayed deeper hues, while those treated with stannous chloride and alum showed lighter shades. Fastness ratings were generally good, with light fastness reaching up to grade 6 for the best combinations. Wash fastness ratings were mostly 4–5, with minor staining on wool observed. The findings support the potential of mahogany seed pods as a viable, sustainable natural dye source, especially for silk, and emphasize the role of mordant combinations in enhancing dye performance and color variety.
Comparative Study of Decolorization Azo-Reactive Dyes by Pseudomonas putida Bacteria
Lotfi Harrabi Noureddine Baaka Néji Ladhari
The present work was taken to optimize the decolorization of azo dyes in textile wastewater. Pseudomonas putida was selected due to its high azo bond degradation capability and non-pathogenic nature. The effect of operational conditions in the form of 25 different sets of experiments was applied, and the parameters were categorized in 8 different combinations. Agitation, filamentous fungi, flotation support (Liege or packing), and light’s effect on bacterial decolorization were determined by the method of experimental design. The performance of the chosen microorganism was studied in terms of absorbance of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. This bacterium was able to decolorize 92% of Reactive Blue 40, 82% of Reactive Yellow 174, and 73% of Reactive Red 220 in 7 days. The COD decrement for 7 days was determined to be 23%, 19%, and 17% for Reactive Blue 40, Reactive Yellow 174, and Reactive Red 220, respectively.
In situ Phase-Separated Epoxy Network with High Tg and Fracture Toughness
Woong Kwon Jiyeon Cheon Hei Je Jeong Hyejin Lee Jong Sung Won Byeong-Joo Kim Man Young Lee Seung Geol Lee Euigyung Jeong
This study investigated an in situ phase-separated epoxy network exhibiting high glass transition temperature (Tg) and enhanced fracture toughness for aerospace composite applications. A disulfide-containing curing agent, 4,4′-dithiodianiline (4,4′-DTDA), was introduced into a tetraglycidyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM)/diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) epoxy system. During curing, DTDA spontaneously aggregated to form a second phase, resulting in a phase-separated morphology. The optimal formulation-TGDDM with 3,3′-DDS and 4,4′-DTDA in a 7:3 ratio-achieved a fracture toughness of 2.0 MPa·m1/2 and a Tg of 237 °C, surpassing many conventional aerospace-grade epoxies. In contrast, the TGDDM/3,3′-DDS system without DTDA exhibited a higher Tg of 246 °C but significantly lower fracture toughness of 0.91 MPa·m1/2, indicating a 120% improvement in toughness with only a modest reduction in Tg. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing in situ phase separation via mixed curing agents to enhance both mechanical and thermal properties without external toughening agents.
Effect of Different Woven Structures on Puncture Resistance of Jute/Latex Composite
Mukesh Kumar Singh Pooja Vishwakarma D. B. Shakyawar
Sustainability has gained attention due to its role in addressing environmental issues in recent years. Natural fibers, especially jute, have enough potential to become an essential reinforcing element in fiber-reinforced latex composites. To achieve a high puncture resistance in jute composites, woven structures are considered as load-bearing preforms with varying dimensions. Various woven structures, including two-dimensional (2D), 2.5-dimensional (2.5D), and three-dimensional (3D), are considered to study the effect of dimension and to optimize other structural parameters of woven-jute/latex (WJL) composites. Compression molding was performed after a hand layup procedure to prepare WJL composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was employed to validate the penetration of latex inside the 2D, 2.5D, and 3D woven structures. The reinforcing efficiencies of the 2D, 2.5D, and 3D woven fabrics were compared, and it was found that the fiber arrangement inside the woven structure largely influenced shore hardness and puncture resistance. The puncture resistance of jute-latex composites was 300.2 N with 2D jute-based preforms and enhanced to 839N with 3D orthogonal jute-based preforms, and the shore hardness value was improved from 65 in 2D to 84.5 with 3D orthogonal preforms. The performance of the 2.5D jute-based preform fell between that of 2D and 3D jute-based preforms. This research will provide a solid foundation for introducing different woven structures in WJL composites for various composite products. With a higher correlation coefficient, the statistical model's suitability and correctness were validated. Indicating that the experimental results align with the statistical model, stronger correlation coefficients (R2) were found for both puncture (0.977) and hardness (0.877).