pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 26, No. 3, Mar. 2025)
Acquiring Sustainable Coloration and Antimicrobial Properties to Natural Fabrics via Spirulina Algae/Silver Nanocomposite
Abdelrahman M. Abdelgawad Elkhabiry Shaban Dalia A. Elsherbiny Ramy A. El-Sherbiny Hajer Farouk Ibrahim El-Tantawy El-Sayed
This study investigates the solid-state synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Spirulina platensis, an environmentally friendly algal source, as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The solid-state synthesis method was employed to produce AgNPs without solvents or intermediates, enhancing cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Spirulina, when activated with NaOH, successfully reduced silver ions (Ag⁺) to silver nanoparticles, as confirmed by a characteristic color change of the mixture and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The optimal concentration of AgNO₃ for maximum AgNP formation was determined to be 0.25 g per gram of Spirulina, yielding nanoparticles with a size of 19.9 nm and excellent homogeneity (PdI = 0.2). The AgNPs were further characterized using TEM, which revealed uniform and small nanoparticle formation at lower precursor concentrations. FTIR and SEM analyses confirmed the interaction between Spirulina and the AgNPs, where Spirulina effectively stabilized the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs, when used as a colorant in printing pastes for wool and cotton fabrics, exhibited promising results for textile applications. The printing process, which involved a conventional screen-printing method, produced durable, vibrant prints with improved stability, highlighting the potential of Spirulina-mediated AgNPs as an innovative, eco-friendly dye alternative in the textile industry. This method presents a novel, green approach to nanoparticle synthesis, offering a sustainable solution to textile dyeing and printing, with reduced environmental impact.
The Impact of Color Dyes used in Textile Face Masks on the Physicochemical Properties of the Fabric Surface and their Influence on the Biocontamination Risk
Ikhlas Hani Chennoufi Chorouk Zanane Mehdi Ameslek Mostafa El Louali Hafida Zahir Hassan Latrache
During the COVID-19 pandemic, colored cloth masks became popular for their attractive designs and reusability. However, the effect of dyeing on the masks’ fabric properties and microorganism adhesion remains largely unexplored. This study investigates how mask coloration influences the adhesive behavior of bacterial and viral strains on colored cloth mask.
Four masks (white, light blue, dark blue, and grey), composed of two textile layers, were analyzed. The surface properties were assessed using contact angle measurements, while the morphological structure was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The biocontamination risk was studied with a thermodynamic approach using three bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Escherichia coli (E. coli)) and three viruses (HDV5, HSRV, and MS2).
The results indicated that the internal surface, which is the same across all masks, exhibited hydrophobic properties with a water contact angle of 118.8° and a surface free energy (∆Giwi) of − 60.5 mJ/m². The electron acceptor character was 5.5 mJ/m². while the electron donor character was 0.1 mJ/m².
The outer layer of the white mask was hydrophilic (θwater = 22°) with a surface free energy (∆Giwi) of 38.47 mJ/m², while the other masks were hydrophobic, with contact angles ranging from 101° to 110.3° and a surface free energy ranging from − 45.18 mJ/m² to − 78.5 mJ/m². The electron donor character was higher for the white mask compared to the other colors, while the electron acceptor character remained consistent across all masks.
Predictive adhesion, measured by total free energy (ΔGtot), indicated that adhesion was generally unfavorable on the white mask and more favorable on the dark blue mask. The color effect is most noticeable in E. coli adhesion and the two respiratory viruses (HADV5 and HRSV). Risk analysis classified the biocontamination risk in descending order as: dark blue > grey > light blue > white mask.
Preparation of MnO2@PP MB for Organic Dyes Removal
Dewei Zhang Hui Sun Bin Yu Youxiu Xie Fengchun Li
The removal of organic dyes from wastewater using manganese dioxide (MnO2) and its composites has garnered significant attention, but recycling them remains challenging. In this study, MnO2 was combined with polypropylene melt-blown nonwoven material (PP MB) in a simple way to prepare a composite material, which makes MnO2 easy to be recycled and reused. MnO2 with sea urchin-like structure were synthesized using a hydrothermal method and subsequently anchored onto the surface of PP MB modified by polydopamine (PDA) in various loading concentration, resulting in the preparation of MnO2@PP MB for removing organic dyes from wastewater. The size of the synthesized MnO2 is about 6 μm and its specific surface area is 21.73 m2/g. When the loading concentration of MnO2 is 1 mg/mL, the pH of adsorption solution is 3, and the adsorption solution temperature is 25 °C, the removal efficiencies of MnO2-1@PP MB for rhodamine B (RhB), methyl blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and Carmine (CRM) in water all are achieved 99.00% in an impressive rate. Remarkably, even after undergoing twenty adsorption-desorption cycles, the removal efficiency for of MnO2-1@PP MB for RhB remained consistently around 99.00%. Furthermore, it was found that the removal behavior of MnO2@PP MB for RhB follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, meaning that is the adsorption process is primarily driven by chemical interactions. Compared to pristine PP MB, the mechanical properties of MnO2-1@PP MB just slightly decrease.
Comparative Analysis of Metal–Thermoplastic Hybrid Circular Structures Under Quasi-static Lateral Loading: Implications for Crashworthiness
Mahmoud M. Awd Allah Mahmoud F. Abd El-Halim Mohamed Ibrahim Abd El Aal Marwa A. Abd El-baky
Hybridization among different material classes, such as thermoplastics, thermosets, and metals, plays a vital role in advancing the performance of energy-absorbing structures across a wide range of applications. By combining the unique properties of these materials, hybrid structures achieve superior performance characteristics that are unachievable with a single material. Consequently, this work represents a comparative study to investigate the crashworthiness and deformation performance of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) structures integrated within circular aluminum (Al) tubes. To achieve this, different Al/ PLA configurations were introduced and then exposed to quasi-static lateral compression tests to evaluate their performance under crash loading. Through this process, the data were systematically collected on the crash load, energy absorption, and displacement responses. Furthermore, the failure histories were documented for each tube, providing valuable visions into the progression and characteristics of structural failures. Following that, a number of critical parameters, including total energy absorbed (U), specific absorbed energy (SEA), and average crash load ( F Avg ), were used to evaluate crashworthiness. The analysis showed that the ID45-OD85 configuration, i.e., the tube with a 45-mm inner diameter and 85-mm outer diameter, recorded the highest U with a value of 369.16 J, while the ID0-OD50 configuration, i.e., the tube with a 0-mm inner diameter (solid) and 50-mm outer diameter, revealed the best performance in terms of SEA and F avg , respectively, with values of 6.97 J/g and 7.66 kN.
Synthesis of Porous Biocarbon from Artocarpus hirsutus Husks and Its Microwave Shielding Effect on Agave Fiber-Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composite at High-Frequency Bands
Rajagopal Balasubramanian Neeraj Khare Vikasdeep Singh Mann A. G. Mohan Das Gandhi Sam A. Masih Nagabhooshanam Nagarajan K. Naga Suresh P. Gangadhara Rao
The emerging technological development toward sustainable development encourages research scholars, academicians to provide newer innovation in material science. Since, the synthetic materials create large number of solid wastes leading to pollution, thus, sustainable composites are developed to resolve this issue. Due to the natural materials present in the composites, it is used in various applications. Therefore, the present research study aims to evaluate the performance of Artocarpus hirsutus husks extracted porous biocarbon and agave natural fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composite and its tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, EMI shielding, dielectric, thermal conductivity, and water contact angle properties. The composite material prepared using hand layup technique and its performance are evaluated as per ASTM standard provision. The composite material is developed by reinforcing varying concentration of fiber (40 vol.%) and porous biocarbon particles (1, 2, 4 vol.%) reinforced composite of A, B, C, D, and E. Based on obtained result conclusion, it is evident that composite specimen D, containing 40 vol.% agave fiber and 2 vol.% porous biocarbon particles, demonstrates superior overall performance, such as highest tensile strength at 151 MPa and the highest flexural strength at 172 MPa. This improved performance is due to the well-dispersed porous biocarbon particles and the effective load transfer between the fiber and matrix. In terms of EMI shielding, specimen D achieves the highest total shielding effectiveness of 68.25 dB at 18 GHz, with excellent absorption and reflection. According to ANOVA, the results are statically significance too. Because of such improved mechanical, shielding effectiveness properties, it is applied in areas where EMI shielding is necessary such as electric and electronic gadgets, navigation signals, satellite communications, and smart devices.
Analysis on Varying Cross-sectional Design Parameters of Lenticular Deployable Composite Boom
S. Balamurali M. Ragini Advaith Gopan S. Aangeerasaa V. M. Sreehari Hariharan Sankara Subramanian Sidharth Tiwary Milind Undale Mariya Ratlami
Thin-walled deployable composite booms (DCB) possessing excellent strain abilities have high demand in the current space industry. They help in compact packaging of large volumes during various space activities and have superior stowability when it is fabricated with a lenticular cross-section. The work carried out aims to investigate the most efficient cross-sectional parameters for a thin-walled DCB fabricated with high strained carbon fiber reinforced composites. The study utilized ABAQUS software to run computational analysis of the tensile test, to determine the strain energy attained, maximum force developed, and the stress and strain distribution over the cross-section. The analysis was done by varying cross-sectional parameters such as radii of curvature and thickness along the cross-section of the boom. The results were obtained for strain energy, maximum force, stress and strain distribution along the cross-section for varying cross-sectional design parameters. It was found that when curvature radii rise, the strain energy as well as force developed decreases. The force value dropped from 120.8 N to 53.62 N as the radius of curvature increased from 24 to 44 mm in the 0.4 mm model segment, indicating that less the radii more is the force required for flattening the structure. From stress and strain distribution, the areas prone to high stress and strain were at inflection points. Thus, the present study helps the designer to select the appropriate geometric parameters of lenticular DCB suiting the application.
Load bearing characterization of kenaf fiber/poly(vinyl ester) composites reinforced by silanized biomass waste tamarind shell and roasted chickpeas powder
P. Prabhu G. Gokilakrishnan S. Hanish Anand L. Priya
The present study explores the enhancement of kenaf fiber-reinforced vinyl ester composites using natural fillers, specifically roasted chickpea powder and silanized tamarind shell biomass powder, to improve mechanical properties, moisture resistance, and interfacial bonding. The uniqueness of this research lies in the combination of surface modified kenaf fiber along with these hybrid fillers, which has not been previously studied. Vinyl ester resin, known for its strong odor and volatile content during curing, is utilized with various additives, such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), cobalt naphthenate, and DMA, to accelerate the curing process and enhance performance. Roasted chickpeas and tamarind pods are prepared as biofillers by grinding them into fine particles. The biofillers undergo surface modification treatment using 3-APTMS to improve adhesion with the matrix and reinforcement. Composite fabrication is achieved through the hand layup method, followed by ambient and post-curing processes to achieve a stiff structure. The experimental results indicate that the specimen VKC2, containing 3 vol.% silane-treated chickpeas shell filler, exhibits the best mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 155 MPa, flexural strength of 185 MPa, ILSS of 35 MPa, impact energy of 5.8 J, and hardness of 82 Shore-D. These superior values are due to optimal filler dispersion and enhanced interfacial bonding, resulting in efficient load transfer. Specimen VKC3, with 5 vol.% silane-treated chickpeas shell filler, shows the best wear properties with a specific wear rate of 0.015 mm3/Nm and a COF of 0.22, the highest thermal conductivity at 0.53 W/mK, and water absorption of 0.41%. These properties are attributed to the filler creating a dense structure, enhancing wear resistance, forming continuous thermal conduction networks, and moderating moisture uptake. SEM analysis reveals uniform dispersion of fillers, enhancing properties, while agglomeration leads to weaker performance, reinforcing the significance of proper filler content and treatment for optimized composite performance.
Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Recycled Textile Waste Bio-Epoxy Composites for the Replacement of Traditional Materials Used in Structural Applications
Raja Muhammad Waseem Ullah Khan Furqan Ahmad Hassan Mehboob Yasir Nawab Muzzamal Hussain Seung Hwan Chang
Sustainable bio-based composites are eco-friendly alternatives to conventional composites. This study aimed to recycle natural fiber textile waste into sustainable bio-epoxy composites and investigate their mechanical properties. Textile waste strips (100% cotton denim fabric) were segregated and reinforced using bio-epoxy. Composites were prepared with four stacking sequences, comprising S1: (0)4, S2: (0/90)2 with interlacement, S3: (0/90/0/90), and S4: (0/− 45/90/ + 45), with a similar fiber volume fraction. The mechanical performances of the composites were investigated via three-point bending, low-velocity impact (LVI), Charpy impact, and tensile tests using three-dimensional digital image correlation. S3 and S4 exhibited the lowest and highest bending strengths, respectively, in the longitudinal direction. In the transverse direction, there were no major differences in the bending strengths of S2, S3, and S4; however, S1 showed a decrease of up to 50%. In the LVI tests, S4 and S1 exhibited the highest and lowest impact resistances, respectively. In the Charpy impact test, S4 exhibited the maximum resistance to failure. In the tensile test, S1 exhibited the highest tensile strength in the longitudinal direction, followed by S4, S2, and S3. The results demonstrated that the interlacement and stacking sequences significantly affected the mechanical performance of each composite.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Multi-Energy Low-Velocity Impact and Compression-After-Impact Damage Mechanism of 3D Woven Composites
Zhiping Ying Xueyan Sun Weiqing Wang Zhenyu Wu Xiaoying Cheng Lin Shi
Carbon fiber fabric composites as a multiphase material have excellent mechanical properties such as high specific modulus, stable performance, and high temperature resistance. However, such as two-dimensional fabric composites are prone to invisible damage or even delamination after being subjected to out-of-plane impact, so to enhance the delamination resistance of the composites, bundled fibers are introduced in the direction of the thickness of the composites to form 3D fabrics, but due to the 3D fabric composites are subjected to out-of-plane load, the bundled fibers undergo deformation and curling, which seriously affects the in-plane properties of the composites. In the study of impact and damage resistance of composites, it is necessary to study the damage mechanism and understand the influence of fiber structure on its performance and failure form. However, there is a lack of research on the compression-after-impact (CAI) properties of 3D composites. This paper focuses on the progress of research on the damage of 3D interlaminar orthotropic fabric composites after low-velocity impacts (LVI) and the damage problem in post-impact CAI. The effects of fiber structure on CAI compression performance and damage mechanism of composites are studied in depth with the help of a new finite element model by combining experiments and finite element simulation. Finally, the development trend of the damage problem of 3D fabric composites and the future research content are discussed.
Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites Based on Microwave Assisted Swelling Method
Chaohang Wang Guojun Song Junjie Zhu Li Li Yujie Yue Yiheng Zhang Xiaoyang Jia Lichun Ma
Due to the lack of efficient and stable recycling methods and processes, the waste of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) poses a threat to the environment, while a large number of demand every year requires a lot of cost and energy to be used in manufacturing carbon fiber (CF). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an economical and efficient recycling process to deal with waste CFRP. In this study, CFRP in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution was swelled with the assistance of microwave irradiation. And the high efficiency and fast characteristics of microwave irradiation promoted the swelling of CFRP in NMP, which greatly reduced the pretreatment temperature and time. The CFRP was successfully swollen at 80 °C for only 0.5 h, then, they were decomposed in 8 M nitric acid for 7 h, the decomposition rate reached 74.6%, which greatly improved the reaction rate and finally retained about 70% of the CF mechanical properties. This method is helpful to reduce energy consumption in the recovery process and improve the stability of recycled CF (rCF), which provides a new direction and theoretical support for the recovery and reuse of CF.