pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 25, No. 5, May. 2024)
Dyeing of Cotton and Wool Fibers with the Aqueous Extract of Alnus glutinosa: Evaluation of Their Ultraviolet Protection Factor, Their Color fastness and the Antioxidant Activity of the Aqueous Extract
Niki Tsouka Diamanto Lazari Nikolaos Nikolaidis Kiriakos Dimitriadis Evangelia Vouvoudi Konstantinos Theodoropoulos
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the dyeing properties and behavior of the aqueous extract of Alnus glutinosa leaves when applied on cotton and wool fibers. The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of the aqueous extract were calculated. The colorfastness of the dyed samples such as washing, acid and alkali perspiration, wet and dry fastness and light fastness was performed. The ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) which is a measurement of the protection offered by the dyed fabric substrates against ultraviolet radiation was also assessed. It was found that Alnus glutinosa aqueous extract shows exceptionally high antioxidant activity and high phenolic content. The dyed samples showed astonishingly high light fastness approaching the light fastness of synthetic dyes such as the vat dyes or metal complex dyes. The conferred protection of the dyed samples against the distractive ultraviolet radiation is exceptionally high as this is demonstrated by the high UPF measurements of the dyed samples.
An Investigation of Verbascum thapsus Flower as a Natural Source for Nylon 6 Fabric Dyeing
Fatemeh Shahmoradi Ghaheh Aminoddin Haji Elham Tavakkol
With the rise of global demand for eco-friendly alternatives and the drive toward reducing the adverse environmental impact, the exploration of new sources of natural dyes has gained significant attention. This study focused on optimizing the dyeing process of polyamide fabric using Verbascum thapsus (Mullein) flower without mordant, as well as exploring the effectiveness of biomordants as sustainable alternatives to traditional metal mordants. To investigate the effectiveness of Verbascum thapsus flowers as a textile dye, the related color coordinates as well as color strength (K/S) of the fabric samples which had been dyed were measured. The color fastness of the samples which had been dyed using different mordants was also assessed. The optimized dyeing conditions for nylon 6 dyed with Mullein extract was achieved using pH = 3, temperature = 100 ℃, dye concentration = 100%, material-to-liquor ratio (M:L) = 1:30, and time = 60 min. Furthermore, the effectiveness of biomordants, including pistachio hull, pomegranate peel, oak gall, and Terminalia chebula, was compared with that of traditional metallic mordants (iron (II) sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, and aluminum potassium sulfate) in terms of enhancing the dye absorption and colorfastness. The highest K/S value was obtained in dyeing after bio-mordanting with 50% pomegranate peel. In addition, the antibacterial activity was investigated and proved in this sample. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the nylon 6 fabric bio-mordanted with 50% owf pomegranate peel and dyed with 100% Verbascum thapsus was around 25 mm for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. It was observed that biomordants, except for Pistachio hull, improved the associated color strength for the dyed nylon 6 fabric. In contrast, metallic mordants showed a decrease of color strength. Regarding color fastness, biomordants also had positive effects on color fastness. The results indicated that biomordants could be considered as environmentally friendly alternatives to metallic mordants in the related dyeing processes. These findings can be valuable in the development of eco-friendly dyeing processes for synthetic fibers.
Optimization Study of the Mixing Ratio of Multi-scale Carbon Fibers Composite for Toughness of Oil Well Cement
Xiaoliang Wang Rongyao Chen Mingbiao Xu Man Shu Zhong Yin Feixu Dai
This article aims to enhance the toughness performance of oil well cement with an optimized mixing ratio of three different lengths of carbon fibers optimized by response surface methodology. A response surface model was constructed with the impact strength as the response target based on the Box–Behnken design. The influence of carbon fiber mixtures on the impact strength of oil well cement was studied, and the ratio of mixed carbon fibers was optimized. The optimized cement slurry performance was tested, and the microstructure of the cement was analyzed. The results show that the impact strength of cement is significantly influenced by 3 mm carbon fiber and the interaction effect of 1 mm carbon fiber and 3 mm carbon fiber. The optimal mixing ratio of carbon fibers of different scales obtained through optimization is 0.322% for 1 mm carbon fiber, 0.329% for 2 mm carbon fiber, and 0.334% for 3 mm carbon fiber. The toughness cement slurry constructed with the optimized proportion of carbon fibers has a 3-day impact strength of 2.171 kJ/m2. The research can guide the construction of cement slurry with good toughness performance, ensuring the integrity of the cement sheath.
Optimizing Process Parameters in Drilling of CFRP Laminates: A Combined MOORA–TOPSIS–VIKOR Approach
Tarakeswar Barik Suchismita Parida Kamal Pal
Carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) have excelled in mechanical performance, replacing metals in structural design. However, their challenging machinability especially in drilling for assembly necessitates careful optimization of process parameters for mass production efficiency and waste reduction. This study explores the optimization of the drilling process for carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates with a stacking sequence of [0/–45/90/45]2s. Using the tungsten carbide twist drills, experiments were conducted on quasi-isotropic CFRP laminates with a thickness of 10 mm. The drilling process parameters, including spindle speed and feed rate, were systematically varied to investigate their influence on drilled hole defects. A three-axis CNC milling center equipped with a piezoelectric dynamometer captured thrust force and drilling torque signals, forming the basis of the experimental methodology. The research employs multi-criteria decision-making techniques, such as MOORA, TOPSIS, and VIKOR, to identify the optimal combination of parameters for minimizing defects and enhancing drilling efficiency. In this study, the synergy of these multi-criteria decision-making techniques establishes a novel framework, demonstrating their efficacy in addressing the challenges associated with CFRP laminate drilling. Quantitatively, the optimized drilling parameters, combination of high speed, low feed rate, and low point angle tool resulted in a remarkable 20% reduction in top surface delamination defects, coupled with a 15% improvement in circularity error and surface roughness, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed optimization approach in enhancing the quality of drilled holes in CFRP laminates. A comparative assessment of the results reveals notable achievements, including a significant correlation of 0.986 between the TOPSIS and VIKOR methods.
Slub Yarn Characterisation Using Newly Developed Diametric Fault System
V. K. Yadav S. M. Ishtiaque S. D. Joshi J. K. Chatterjee
The work highlights the applicability of the developed Diametric Faults system for the measurements of slub yarn characteristics in industry conditions. The developed Diametric Faults system acquires the continuous and successive bi-directional view images along the length of yarn. The system measures the unevenness of yarn diameter as well as yarn diameter. The obtained values are used as threshold for identifying the region of slubs along the yarn length. The proposed system is capable to measure and analyse almost all the characteristics of the slub yarn as measured by presently available commercial systems. In addition, the system provides in-depth assessment of the length of slub portion as well as the base yarn in terms of variation in yarn slub diameter, cross-sectional area, eccentricity, and distribution of the slub length and base yarn span length.
Investigation of Mechanical Attributes and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Hybrid Polyester Composites for Automotive Applications
Deepak Kumar Mohapatra Chitta Ranjan Deo Punyapriya Mishra Chandrakanta Mishra
Over past decade, the increasing awareness about environment has prompted researchers to focus on crafting eco-friendly polymer composites using agricultural waste. Thus, the surge in environmental consciousness has driven researchers to prioritize the development of eco-friendly composite. Thus, this study endeavors to produce polyester hybrid laminates by combining kenaf(K)/glass(G) and pistachio shell particles (PSP) with varying percentages (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) by hand lay-up techniques. Various tests have been conducted to examine the mechanical and thermal properties of the produced hybrid laminates as per ASTM standard. The experimental results demonstrate a notable impact of filler concentration and stacking order on both mechanical and thermal characteristics. For KGKG laminate, significant improvements are seen in tensile strength (49.82%) and micro-hardness (54%) with 5 wt% PSP filler. Meanwhile, flexural strength increases by 60.69% and impact strength by 30.91% with 3 wt% PSP filler. Likewise, an improvement in tensile strength by 14.58%, flexural strength by 18.58%, impact strength by 3.53% and 2.3% increase in micro-hardness is also marked on alternation of stacking order. The GGGG-PSP5 laminate possesses higher storage modulus (9.21 GPa), loss modulus (2.57 GPa), damping factor (0.32) at 93.31º C than KKKK-PSP5 laminate. Furthermore, the micrographic analysis reveals significant occurrences of matrix cracking, fiber pull-out, micro-void formation, and fiber–matrix debonding in this integrated hybrid composite. Thus, the appropriate hybridization of synthetic and natural fibers can broaden the scope of the practical application of PSP with improved environmental friendliness in the automotive industry.
A Quality Prediction Method for Dual-Nozzle FDM Molded Parts Based on CIWOA–BP
Binghui Ji Mengyang Cui Jian Mao Bo Qian
The fused deposition molding (FDM) process can manufacture complex molded parts based on molten filaments. The quality of parts molded by this process is measured primarily by tensile strength, flexural strength, and surface roughness. Due to the complexity and variety of FDM process parameters, there is a nonlinear variation relationship between the combination of process parameters and the quality of molded parts, which makes the accurate and stable prediction of quality particularly important. To this end, an improved whale optimization algorithm combined with a neural network is proposed to predict the quality of FDM molded parts and make up for the shortcomings of the traditional methods with low prediction accuracy and instability. Based on the FDM production process, four process parameters, namely, printing layer thickness, nozzle temperature, chamber temperature, and filling interval, were selected as input variables of the model. The prediction model was obtained by optimizing the hyperparameters of the neural network using the improved whale algorithm. A four-factor three-level experimental method was used to obtain experimental data on the tensile strength, bending strength, and surface roughness of the styles. The accuracy and stability of the model were verified according to Monte Carlo cross-validation based on the above data set. The prediction results of model CIWOA–BP are compared with those of model WOA–BP and BP in a comparison experiment. The results show that the FDM part quality prediction method based on the CIWOA–BP model has higher prediction accuracy and stability.
Analysis of Hydrothermal Aging Water of Fire-Protective Fabrics Using GC × GC–TOFMS and FID
Md. Saiful Hoque Trevor Johnson Paulina de la Mata James J. Harynuk Patricia I. Dolez
Many characteristics contribute to the effectiveness of textile products. For fire-protective fabrics, maintaining the physical integrity and protective properties over time is incredibly important. This fabric integrity can be affected as a result of chemical changes resulting from exposure to service conditions, for example water splashes and immersion. This study investigates the chemical components that were found in the hydrothermal aging water of 11 fire-protective fabrics subjected to water immersion at 90 °C for up to 50 days. Two techniques based on two-dimensional gas chromatography were used. Two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–TOFMS) was employed for comprehensive non-targeted qualitative analysis (NTA) while the quantification of compounds was performed with two-dimensional gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC × GC–FID). A total of 276 unique compounds of interest were identified in the aging water of the fabrics. Several of them were successfully traced to their purpose in textile manufacturing and would indicate the decomposition of the high-performance fibers making the fabrics, leaching of dyes and pigments, and/or degradation of the fabric finish. The knowledge generated during this study, both in terms of the extraction and analysis protocol and evidence of the degradation processes, is invaluable information for advancing the understanding of the aging of fire-protective fabrics and enhancing the safety of firefighters and others exposed to heat and flame.