pISSN : 1229-9197 / eISSN : 1875-0052
Fibers and Polymers, the journal of the Korean Fiber Society, provides you with state-of-the-art
research in fibers and polymer science and technology related to developments in the textile
industry. Bridging the gap between fiber science and polymer science, the journal’s topics
include fiber structure and property, dyeing and finishing, textile processing, and apparel science.
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Latest Publication (Vol. 26, No. 12, Dec. 2025)
Estimation of Damaged Surface Images in Drilled Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Sheets Using Convolutional Autoencoder and Multi-Layer Perceptron Decoder
Eddy Kurniawan Yong Chan Hur Ji Hoon Kim
Drilling of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets often leads to damage around the hole, compromising the mechanical integrity of composite structures. To address this challenge, a deep learning framework was developed to predict drilling-induced damage images using process parameters as inputs. A convolutional autoencoder (CAE) was first employed to augment the limited experimental dataset by generating synthetic grayscale damage images. Subsequently, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) decoder model was trained to predict damage images based on spindle speed and feed rate. Three CAE architectures were evaluated, with CAE Type I achieving the lowest reconstruction error in the damage area, with an error of 10.14% and an R2 value of 0.9862. Four MLP-Decoder models were tested using different combinations of original and CAE-generated images. The model trained with both original and CAE Type I images (MLP-Decoder Type B) showed the highest prediction accuracy, with an MSE of 1.13 and a predicted damage area of 36.92 mm2, which is closer to the validation data. Comparative analysis against experimentally validated images demonstrated that the proposed framework can effectively estimate drilling damage patterns.
Investigating Fiber Chip Length Distribution and Morphology Analysis to Enhance Worker Safety and Recycling Efficiency in FRP Drilling
Jong-Hyun Baek Hyun-Gwang Cho Su-Jin Kim
Sharp fiber chips generated while drilling Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) can cause skin irritation and respiratory issues in workers. In addition, composite material waste often ends up in landfills, contributing to environmental contamination. This paper presents a novel simulation model designed to predict the fiber length distribution of drilling chips, aiming to reduce fiber dust and facilitate the reuse of short fibers. The model accounts for the drill tools’ geometric structure and the materials’ fiber orientations. The study clarifies the relationship between chip fiber length distribution, cutting conditions, and the drill’s point angle. Geometric simulations demonstrate that tools with flat point angles and high feed rates can effectively increase chip fiber lengths.
Energy Absorption Characteristics of Interlayer Hybrid Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Thin-Walled Tubes Under Quasi-Static Axial Compression: Influence of Elevated Temperatures
He Wang Lingli Zhao Wenjuan Wu Lijie Chen
The elevated temperatures affect the service performance of the fibre-reinforced polymers. To improve performance at elevated temperatures, four types of interlayer hybrid woven fibre-reinforced polymer thin-walled tubes (HFRPTTs) were designed and prepared (all-carbon fibre HC4FRPTT, glass-carbon fibre HG1C3FRPTT, Kevlar–carbon fibre HK1C3FRPTT, and basalt-carbon fibre HB1C3FRPTT). The change rate of mass loss was obtained at different elevated temperatures (100 ℃, 200 ℃, 300 ℃, 400 ℃). Quasi-static axial compression tests and industrial microscopy were employed to analyse the variations in mechanical properties, energy absorption characteristics, and microstructural changes. Digital scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA) studied the thermomechanical characteristics before and after exposure to elevated temperatures. The results show that the mass loss rate of Kevlar fibre is the highest, leading to the maximum mass loss rate for HK1C3FRPTT. The mechanical properties of HFRPTTs (compressive strength, specific strength, and peak load) are influenced by the competing effects of resin matrix post-curing and thermal degradation. The critical temperature for HFRPTTs lies between 300 and 400 ℃. Below 300 ℃, the failure mode of HFRPTTs is a stable annular folding. The energy absorption characteristics of HFRPTTs are influenced by the combined effects of resin post-curing, thermal degradation, and mass loss. The variation patterns of HFRPTT's performance at different temperatures provide a reference for its service.
Low-Frequency Vibration Damping Using Ecoflex-Reinforced Fabric Composite and Macro-Fiber Composite Actuators
Seungah Yang Jooyong Kim
Low-frequency vibrations can significantly affect human comfort and health, particularly in heavy commercial vehicles where long-term exposure is common. To address this issue, this study proposes a hybrid composite material by combining Ecoflex with Warp-Knitted Spacer Fabric (WKSF), resulting in an Ecoflex-Reinforced Fabric (ERF) composite with enhanced damping performance. Five types of ERF composites were fabricated with varying Ecoflex contents and tested under sinusoidal vibrations in the 0–100 Hz range. Among them, the sample with an intermediate Ecoflex content (SAM3) exhibited the highest damping ratio of 91.91% at 100 Hz. A vibration damping system was then developed by integrating the SAM3-ERF composite with a Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator. The system was evaluated across various frequencies to assess its vibration attenuation capability. Notably, the highest damping ratio of 93.21% was achieved at 70 Hz, and the system maintained an effective damping bandwidth of approximately 55 Hz, defined as the range where the damping ratio exceeded 50%. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of designing flexible, lightweight, and stable damping systems for a wide range of low-frequency vibration applications, particularly in automotive, aerospace, and wearable technologies requiring both adaptability and vibration damping.
Preparation and Enrichment of Poly-fiber Hybrid Nanocomposite Laminate by the Inclusions of MWCNT
S. Jothi Arunachalam R. Saravanan T. Sathish R. Venkatesh
Poly-fiber composites hold significant potential for applications requiring a high strength-to-weight ratio. These composites are developed using natural fibers, which are cost-effective and offer improved functional behavior. However, the contribution of single fibers and moisture absorption can negatively affect the overall performance of the composite. Current research aims to synthesize and enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid nanocomposite laminates containing glass (G), kenaf (K), and jute (J) fibers. The fiber sequence arrangements studied are G/K/K/K/K/J/J/J/G, G/K/K/J/J/J/J/K/K/G, and G/J/J/K/K/K/K/J/J/G, each featuring 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of nano-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) produced using the hand layup combined with compression molding method. The mechanism for nano-MWCNT on the mechanical, water absorption, and thermal behavior of hybrid composite laminates is evaluated. Among the various sequences, the hybrid laminates with the sequences of G/J/J/K/K/K/K/J/J/G adopted with 3 wt.% MWCNT are found optimum tensile strength (101 MPa), flexural strength (136 MPa), microhardness (84 HV), fracture toughness (2.57 MPa0.5), and reduced water absorption behavior of 3.45% for 48 h. Moreover, the 3 wt.% MWCNT featured composite series of G/J/J/K/K/K/K/J/J/G exhibits superior thermal stability between 200 and 250 °C, with a reduced mass loss of 20% observed. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements demonstrated better thermal stability as MWCNT concentration increased. This work demonstrates the potential of MWCNT-reinforced natural fiber composites for automotive interior door panel applications.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Luffa Fiber-Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites with Process Parameter Optimization using DOE
Ashish Kumar Gurjar S. M. Kulkarni Sharnappa Joladarashi Saleemsab Doddamani
Composite materials have gained significant attention due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and sustainability. In particular, natural fiber-reinforced composites are increasingly investigated as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic counterparts. This study focuses on fabricating lightweight and biodegradable luffa fiber-reinforced natural rubber (LNR) composites using compression molding, emphasizing optimizing key processing parameters—temperature, curing time, and compression pressure. Latex-form natural rubber was selected as the matrix owing to its biodegradability, low cost, and compatibility with natural fibers. In contrast, luffa fiber served as reinforcement due to its favorable mechanical properties. The Design of Experiments (DOE) approach, specifically Taguchi’s method, was employed to systematically analyze the influence of processing parameters on physical and mechanical performance. Experimental evaluation of mechanical properties was conducted according to ASTM standards. The rule of mixture was used to evaluate the mechanical properties analytically. The multiscale material modeling finite element (FEM) methods were used to assess the orthotropic properties using the representative volume element technique. Results showed that density was only marginally affected by processing conditions, with ROM and FEM generally overestimating values; however, FEM provided closer agreement to experimental data. Shore A hardness and longitudinal modulus highly depended on curing temperature and time, with optimal properties obtained at 100 °C for 15 min under 1.0 MPa pressure. Similarly, the maximum ultimate tensile strength (0.40 MPa) was achieved under the same conditions, attributed to enhanced fiber–matrix bonding and crosslinking. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) confirmed temperature as the most influential parameter, followed by pressure and curing time. Optimized processing conditions significantly improved fiber–matrix adhesion, resulting in superior mechanical performance. These findings provide reliable processing guidelines for developing high-performance, environmentally sustainable LNR composites, making them suitable for high-impact applications in defense and consumer sectors.
Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) Assisted Procedure to Separate Cotton and Polyester from Waste Blended Textile
Ismat Ara Anastasiia Lopatina Mika Mänttäri Mari Kallioinen-Mänttäri Ikenna Anugwom
Accumulation of large amounts of waste poly-cotton fabrics (WP-CFs) would lead to environmental challenges and depletion of resources. However, with a feasible fractionation technology the waste could be effectively utilized as pure fractions of cotton and polyester. For this purpose, this study aimed to separate the polyester and cotton into two different undegraded fractions from WP-CFs using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES), which was composed of Choline chloride and Lactic acid (1:10 mol ratio); further, this work aims to test the suitability of milder process conditions to achieve effective separation. The separation process was carried out at different treatment temperatures, (90, 110, 120, and 140 °C), different solvent to solid (5:1, 10:1, and 20:1) ratios as well as different treatment durations (2, 4, 6, 8 h). Based on the results a bit larger scale separation was carried out at 110 °C for 3 h. The results showed excellent separation of cotton and polyester from waste poly-cotton fabric, and recovery of cotton (98%) and polyester (99%), respectively. Furthermore, the purity of cotton and polyester in the separated fractions was 98% and 99% respectively. The results demonstrate that the use of NADES in the treatment of the waste poly-cotton fabrics offers an attractive way to separate and recover pure polyester from waste blended textile, as well as partially degraded cotton that can be a potential low-cost source of cellulose in various industries. Furthermore, the recovered PET was undegraded, and we applied it as a polymer for filtration membrane fabrication.
RAFT-D: A Reconstruction Method Incorporating Depth Estimation for Enhancing Fabric Performance Evaluation
Sumin Ge Jia Li Zhilei Yuan Congqing Wang Jianbo Gu Pinghua xu
To accurately evaluate fabric appearance characteristics—such as smoothness, crease retention, and seam flatness—often affected by color and pattern interference, this study proposes an optimized algorithm based on binocular stereo vision. The goal is to capture the fine-grained surface topography of fabrics for precise analysis of wrinkle features. A binocular depth camera is used for data acquisition, and an enhanced RAFT-D algorithm is adopted for disparity estimation. By integrating pixel grayscale, gradient features, and local smoothness constraints, the algorithm establishes a robust similarity metric, enabling accurate matching of geometrically calibrated stereo image pairs and generating high-density, continuous disparity maps. According to depth reconstruction principles in computer vision, the disparity data are further converted into 3D point clouds representing the fabric surface. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, reconstruction results from a high-precision handheld 3D scanner are used as a reference. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that the algorithm achieves an overall matching success rate of 90.8% across all fabric samples, demonstrating its superior accuracy and reliability in practical 3D fabric reconstruction applications.
Novel Mock-Knitted Structures for Seamless Medical Compression Garments: Advancing Health Management with Thermal Comfort
Adeel Abbas Waqas Ashraf Nauman Ali Choudhry Hafiz Shehbaz Ahmad Muzzamal Hussain Habib Awais
Knitted compression garments are an area of increasing interest in several medical applications, including venous thrombosis, lymphoedema, gynecomastia, and more. Knitting technology offering better stretch, compression, and thermal comfort attributes provides great flexibility in engineering seamless medical compression garments. However, knitted structural alteration is a vast area that has remained unattended by researchers. Hence, this study focused on developing seamless knitted compression garments using a novel mock knitting technique. Various structures were developed using different elastomeric yarn counts [40/70, 40/120, and 40/170 denier (D)] to mimic rib (1 × 1, 2 × 2, and 1 × 3) and pique structures. These mock-knitted structures, having tailored float lengths and porosities, not only enhanced interface pressure but also influenced thermal comfort properties. Air permeability and thermal conductivity characterization proved that mock structures having coarser elastomeric yarns and longer floats are viable for the transmission of dry fluids and conducting body heat. Statistical data analysis provided evidence of the trend with p-values < 0.05. Moisture management, on the other hand, entailed a combined effect of structural porosity and material bulk contribution in making moisture channels through compression garments. Pilling Resistance also exhibited a similar parabolic trend with input variables. Statistically plotted 3D surface plots revealed unique trends of interface pressure at different measurement points providing deeper insights for designing compression stockings for specific body area.
Thermoregulatory Properties of Phase Change Microencapsulated Flocculus
Dan Wang Hongxia Chen Xin Xiao Qing Chen
To understand the effect of phase change microcapsules on the thermoregulation performance of flocculus, ordinary flocculus (OF) made of the same material without phase change materials (PCM) were used as the control group to investigate the effects of sample size, the presence of a hot plate, the number of layers of samples, and the ambient temperature on the thermoregulation performance. The flocculus thermoregulation experiments were carried out in a climate chamber, and the temperature changes of the samples were recorded using an air-contact temperature sensor. Finally, the thermoregulation performance of the phase change microcapsule flocculus was comprehensively evaluated using two indexes: the average temperature difference and heat-up/cool-down speeds. The results showed that the phase change flocculus (PCF) has a certain thermoregulation performance compared with the ordinary flocculus. In the heating–cooling cycle thermoregulation performance stability experiment, the average temperature difference of PCF decreased within 5%.